| seashore | - The coast or that part of the land adjoining or near the ocean. see intertidal zone.
- Legally defined as the ground between normal high-water and low-water marks.
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| benthic zone | The ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. organisms living in this zone are called bentho... |
| aquaculture | - The farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms including molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. see also fish farming and mariculture.
- The raising of fish or shellfish under s...
аквакультура; |
| husbandry | The farming practice of breeding and raising fish stock. сельское хозяйство; землепашество; хозяйствование; |
| cetacean bycatch | The incidental capture of non-target cetacean species by fisheries. bycatch can be caused by entanglement in fishing nets and lines, or direct capture by hooks or in trawl nets. |
| global warming | The increase in the average temperature of the earth's near-surface air and oceans in recent decades, as well as the projected continuation of this trend. |
| iucn | - The international union for the conservation of nature and natural resources is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species. their system divides threatened species into t...
international union for conservation; |
| intertidal | - The intertidal zone is the region of land which is submerged during high tide and exposed during low tide.
- Between mean high water and mean low water.
- (adjective) the coa...
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| iucn red list | The iucn red list of threatened species (also known as the iucn red list or red data list), created in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant ... |
| founder effect | The loss of genetic variation when a new colony is established after the movement of some individuals to a new area that is unoccupied. as a result the new population may be distinctively differen... |
| maximum sustainable yield (msy) | - The maximum catch that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period. under the assumption of logistic growth, the msy will be exactly at half the carrying capacity of a species...
максимальная устойчивая доходность (msy); |
| gene flow | The movement of genes from one population to the other through movement of individuals between those populations. |
| fecundity | - The number of eggs a fish produces each reproductive cycle; the potential reproductive capacity of an organism or population. fecundity changes with the age and size of the fish.
- Th...
fecundidad; плодовитость; |
| species density | The number of species in a sampled area. |
| bathypelagic | - The open ocean or pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 1000 to 4000 meters below the ocean surface.
- The region of the ocean that extends from 1,000-4,000 meters below the ocean...
батипелагический; |
| trophic level | - The position that a species occupies in a food chain. the species it eats are at a lower trophic level, and the species that eats it are at a higher trophic level.
- (gk. trophos, fee...
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| upwelling | - The process by which water, usually cold and nutrient-rich, rises from a deeper to a shallower depth. this is often a result of offshore surface water flow, particularly when persistent wind b...
апвеллинг; |
| hatchery | - The process of cultivating and breeding a large number of juveniles in an enclosed environment. the juveniles are then released into lakes, rivers or fish farm enclosures.
- A facilit...
инкубаторий; |
| spawning | The production or depositing of large quantities of eggs in water. desove de peces; нерест; |
| economic rent | - The profit that could be earned from a fishery owned by an individual. individual ownership maximizes profit, but an open entry policy usually results in so many fishermen that profit barely m...
экономическая рента; |
| continental shelf | - The seabed from the shore to the edge of the continental slope, covered by relatively shallow seas (known as shelf seas) and gulfs.
- Portions of the continental land masses covered b...
континентальный шельф; ; |
| neritic zone | The shallow pelagic zone over the continental shelf. seee also nearshore waters. |
| littoral | - The shallow water region around lake or sea shores where significant light penetrates to the bottom. typically occupied by rooted plants. on sea shores it includes the intertidal zone.
...
литоральный; |
| beam trawling | The simplest method of bottom trawling. the mouth of the trawl net is held open by a solid metal beam attached to two solid metal plates, welded to the ends of the beam, which slide over and distu... |
| continental slope | - The slope which starts, usually abruptly at about a 200 metre depth, at the outer edge of the continent shelf and dips more steeply down to the deep-ocean floor (abyssal plain).
- The...
континентальный склон; |
| minimum landing size | The smallest length at which it is legal to keep or sell a fish. sizes vary with the species of fish and also vary in different places around the world. |
| population dynamics | The study of fish populations and how fishing mortality, growth, recruitment, and natural morality affect them. популяции динамика; |
| elasmobranch | The subclass of cartilaginous fish that includes skates, rays, and sharks. compare bony fish. |
| carrying capacity | - The supportable population of a species, given the food, habitat conditions and other resources available within a fishery.
- Of an electric cable or wire,
- Пропускная спосо...
capacidad de carga; несущая способность; предельная численность; |
| flushing time | The time required to replace all the water in an estuary or harbour by the actions of currents and tides. |
| epipelagic | - The top layer of the ocean from the surface down to about 200 metres. this is the illuminated zone where there is enough light for photosynthesis. nearly all primary production in the ocean oc...
эпипелагический; |
| maximum economic yield (mey) | The total amount of profit that could be earned from a fishery if it were owned by one individual. an open entry policy usually results in too many fishermen so profits are barely higher than oppo... |
| biomass | - The total weight of a fish species in a given area. can be measured as the total weight in tons of a stock in a fishery, or are be measured per square metre or square kilometre. the most succe...
биомасса; |
| acoustical oceanography | The use of underwater sound to map underwater topography and the contents of the sea. |
| demersal zone | The zone at or near the bottom of a sea or lake. inhabitants of the demersal zone feed off the bottom or off other demersal fish. see also pelagic zone. |
| continental margin | The zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from the thick continental crust. continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. |
| cohort | - Those individuals of a stock born in the same spawning season. for annual spawners, a year's recruitment of new individuals to a stock is a single cohort or year-class. see brood.
- A...
поток context (учащихся); когорта; |
| threatened species | - Threatened species are species which are vulnerable to extinction in the near future. the iucn further divides them into three categories: vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered. вымирающие виды;
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| phytoplankton | - Tiny, free-floating, photosynthetic organisms in aquatic systems.
- Tiny, free-floating, photosynthetic organisms in aquatic systems. they include diatoms, desmids, and dinoflagellate...
фитопланктон (экол.); фитопланктон; |
| demersal trawling | Trawling on or near the bottom of a sea or lake. see also bottom trawling. |
| seamounts | - Underwater mountains rising at least 1000 metres above the sea floor.
- A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean floor that doesn`t reach the water`s surface. sort of an island ...
; |
| climate change | - Variation in the earth's global climate or in regional climates over time. climate change involves changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over time periods ranging from ...
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| brackish water | - Water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. it may result from mixing seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries.
- Water containing bacteria between 1...
солоноватые воды; |
| subantarctic waters | Waters adjacent to, but not within, the antarctic circle (about 66030's). |
| subtropical waters | Waters adjacent to, but not within, the tropics. |
| high seas | - Waters outside national jurisdictions.
- Сильное волнение на море
- In the first two of the following definitions, the word “high” means “chief ” or “principal,” but in the t...
сильное волнение на море; открытое море; |
| shelf break | Where the continental shelf and continental slope meet. at the shelf break, the more gently sloping region of the seabed adjacent to a landmass rather abruptly slopes moresteeply down towards the ... |
| projection | - With the help of a mathematical model as a numerical representation of the population, a projection is a prediction of what may happen in the future under a variety of conditions.
- П...
проекция; прогнозирование; proyección .; выступ; проекции; проектирование; проекция 2 . проецирование 3 . выступ; |
