| bycatch | - Bycatch is the harvest of marine life and seabirds during fishing operations when other fish were the target. for example, bycatch might consist of a species which was not the targeted species...
прилов; |
| otoliths | Calcareous deposits or bones found in chambers at the base of the skull in fish. sectioned, these bones often show rings or layers which can be used to determine age. |
| trash fish | Catch with no commercial value which is discarded, especially when trawling. also called rough fish. see also coarse fish. |
| isotherm | - Contour line connecting points with the same temperature.
- Изотерма item изделие; предмет; объект
- Изотерма. линия, соединяющая точки с одинаковым значением температуры воз...
изотерма; |
| isopleth | - Contour line joining points corresponding to similar values. often used to plot yield-per-recruit values on a graph showing the changes as a function of size-at-first-capture and fishing morta...
изоплета; |
| wind currents | Currents created by the action of the wind. surface ocean currents are generally wind driven and develop typical clockwise spirals in the northern hemisphere and counter-clockwise rotation in the ... |
| deep ocean currents | Currents in the deep ocean, also known as thermohaline circulation or the "conveyor belt", are driven by density and temperature gradients. they can be contrasted with surface ocean currents, whic... |
| red tide | - Discolouration of surface waters, most frequently in coastal zones, caused by large concentrations of micro-organisms. see harmful algal bloom.
- The common name for algal bloom, a ph...
|
| free-diving | Diving under water without the assistance of breathing apparatus to collect oysters, abalone, corals, sponges, crayfish etc. the gear usually includes a snorkel, face mask, flippers, weight belt a... |
| dredging | - Dredge designed to catch scallops, oysters or sea cucumbers are towed along the bottom of the sea by specially designed dredge boats.
- Дноуглубительные работы
- Fishing by d...
выемка грунта, углубление дна; дночерпательные работы; дноуглубительные работы; драгирование; |
| underwater acoustics | Due to its excellent propagation properties, underwater sound is used as a tool to aid the study of marine life, from microplankton to the blue whale. see also ocean tracking network. |
| coriolis effect | - Due to the earth's rotation, freely moving objects on the surface of the earth veer right in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern hemisphere. this effect is called the coriolis eff...
|
| gametes | Eggs and sperm. |
| euryhaline | Fish that are tolerant to a wide-range of salinities. эвригалинный; |
| bony fish | Fish that have a bony skeleton and belong to the class osteichthyes. basically, this is all fish except for sharks, rays, skates, hagfish and lampreys. |
| demersal fish | Fish that live in the demersal zone. examples are cod, flounder and snapper. compared to pelagic fish, demersal fish contain little oil. see also bottom feeder. |
| catadromous | Fish that live their adult lives in fresh water lakes or rivers but migrate down rivers to spawn in the sea. an example are freshwater eels of genus anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean,... |
| anadromous | - Fish that live their adult lives in the ocean but migrate up fresh water rivers to spawn. examples are pacific salmon. fish that migrate in the opposite direction are called catadromous.
|
| groundfish | - Fish that lives most of its life on or near the sea bottom, such as cod, haddock, or flounder.
- A species or group of fish that lives most of its life on or near the sea bottom.
донная рыба; |
| pelagic fish | Fish that spend most of their life swimming and feeding in the pelagic zone, as opposed to resting on or feeding off the bottom. examples are tuna and most sharks. |
| sustainable fishing | Fishing activities that do not cause or lead to undesirable changes in biological and economic productivity, biological diversity, or ecosystem structure and functioning, from one human generation... |
| trap fishing | Fishing by means of traps, often designed to catch a particular species, such with lobster pots. |
| ghost nets | Fishing nets and other gear that has been left or lost in the ocean and continues to capture and kill fish. |
| gillnet | - Fishing nets constructed so that fish are entangled or enmeshed, usually in the gills, by the netting. according to their design, ballasting and buoyancy, these nets can be used to fish on the...
жаберная сеть; |
| shellfish | - General term for aquatic invertebrates (molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms).
- General term for crustaceans and mollusks.
панцирные; marisco; моллюски; |
| ocean basin | - Geologically an ocean basin is a large geologic basin which is below sea level.
- The great depression that covers about one-third of the surface of the lithosphere beyond the contine...
|
| isopods | Group of small crustaceans that includes fish lice. |
| fork length | In fishes with forked tails, this measures from the tip of the snout to the fork of the tail. it is used in fishes when is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends. |
| ecologically sustainable development | In the context of fisheries, using, conserving and enhancing fishery resources so that the ecological processes, on which the fish depend, are not degraded. экологически устойчивое развитие; |
| bioacoustics | In underwater acoustics and fisheries acoustics this term is used to mean the effect of plants and animals on sound propagated underwater, usually in reference to the use of sonar technology for b... биоакустика; |
| foreshore | - Intertidal area between the highest and lowest tide levels
- That part of the shore lying between low and high water marks.
- Береговая полоса, затопляемая во время прилива затопляемая приливом бере; затопляемая приливом береговая полоса;
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| epibenthos | Invertebrates that live on top of the seabed. compare benthos. |
| continental rise | Is below the slope, but landward of the abyssal plains. extending as far as 500 kilometres from the slope, it consists of thick sediments which have cascaded down the slope and accumulated as a pi... |
| trawling | Is fishing with a large bag-like net, called a trawl, which is drawn along behind a boat called a trawler. the net can be dragged along the sea bottom in order to target demersal fish, or pulled t... траление; |
| biodiversity | - Is the variation of life forms within an area. in the context of fisheries the number and variety of organisms found within a fishery.
- Biodiversity is the variety of all life forms:...
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| el niño | Large scale, cyclical (generally three to seven years), ocean warming and cooling episodes across the equatorial pacific. warm water pools in the east in el niño conditions and in the west du... |
| billfish | Large, predatory fish characterised by their long sword-like bill. billfish include the sailfish, marlin and swordfish. they are important apex predators feeding on a wide variety of smaller fish ... |
| marine mammal | Mammals that are primarily ocean-dwelling or depend on the ocean for food, such as porpoises, whales, seals, walrus and polar bears. |
| marine protected area (mpa) | - Marine area with some level of legal restriction to protect living, non-living, cultural, and/or historic resources.
- Any area of the marine environment that has been reserved by fed...
морской охраняемый район (mpa); |
| tag and release | Marking or attaching a tag to a fish so that it can be identified on recapture. used for the study of fish growth, movement, migration, and stock structure and size. |
| morphometrics | Measurements which characterise the form, shape and appearnce of an animal or plant. difference in morphometrics, such as colouration, can be used to distinguish different stocks of the same speci... morfometría; |
| cetacean | Member of the group of marine mammals that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. they are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life and are noted for their high intelligence. |
| sea grass | Members of marine seed plants that grow chiefly on sand or sand-mud bottom. they are most abundant in water less than 10 metres deep. common types are eel grass, turtle grass and manatee grass. |
| diatoms | - Minute planktonic unicellular or colonial algae.
- Microscopic, unicellular algae
диатомовые водоросли; |
| endemic | - Native to a certain area, usually confined to a relatively small local region.
- Эндемия постоянное наличие болезни в данной местности среди людей, обусловленное специфическими социал...
endémico; эндемичный; endémico(a); |
| biotoxins | Natural toxins produced by organisms, often for use as a defence mechanism. |
| nutrient upwelling | Nutrient upwelling is the 'welling-up' of deeper water that is usually richer in nutrients than surface water. |
| overfishing | - Occurs when fishing activities reduce fish stocks below an acceptable level. this can occur in any body of water from a pond to the oceans.
- Harvesting a fish population (stock) at a...
перелов; |
| pair trawling | Occurs when two trawlers tow the same net. otter boards are not needed and very large nets can be held open and towed in this manner. |
| mesopelagic | - Ocean depths extending from 200 to 1000 metres (650 to 3280 feet) below sea level
- A somewhat arbitrary depth zone in offshore or oceanic waters, usually below 600 feet and above 3,0...
мезопелагический; |
| ocean currents | - Oceanic currents can be divided into surface and deep ocean currents. surface currents are generally wind driven and develop typical clockwise spirals in the northern hemisphere and counter-cl...
|
| conspecific | Organisms or populations that belong to the same species. organisms that don't belong to the same species are heterospecific. coespecífico (no conespecífico); принадлежащий к тому же в; принадлежащий к тому же виду; |
| parameter | - Parameter in fisheries is a characteristic measure of some aspect of a fish stock. it is usually expressed as a numerical value, such as the "natural mortality rate".
- A numerical pr...
параметр; par; para; характеристика; коэффициент; распределения; |
| plankton | - Passively drifting or weakly swimming organisms (animals, plants, archaea, or bacteria) that can occur in swarms near the surface of open water. plankton are defined by their ecological niche ...
планктон; |
| natal | - Pertaining to birth, usually in the context of animals that return to their place of birth to spawn or give birth, such as many salmon.
- Пров. наталь, натал (юар)
- Г. натал...
natal; |
| standardization | - Procedures which maintain methods and equipment as constant as possible. without standardization one cannot determine whether measurements of yearly differences in relative abundance are cause...
унификация; стандартизация; типизация; |
| fishmeal | - Protein-rich animal feed product based on fish.
- A commercial product made from both whole fish and the bones and offal from processed fish. it is a brown powder or cake obtained by ...
рыбное блюдо; |
| quota | - Quota is the amount of catch that can be legally landed in a time period. it could refer to a fishery as a whole (total allowable catch) or to an amount allocated to an individual or company. ...
квота; |
| land runoff | - Rainfall, snow melt or irrigation water that runs off the land into streams and other surface water, and ultimately into the ocean. land runoff can carry pollutants, such as petroleum, pestici...
поверхностный сток; |
| panmictic | Random mating of individuals within a population, the breeding individuals showing no tendency to choose partners with particular traits. |
| depletion | - Reducing the abundance of a fish stock through fishing.
- The act or process of something being reduced depo-provera depo-provera a trademark for a progesterone derivative used in bir...
истощение (месторождения полезных ископаемых); истощение; опустошение; обеднение; |
| dorsal | - Relating to or situated near or on the back.
- A дорсальный dorsum n спинка языка
- Дорсальный; тыльный; спинной
canopy. dorsel 1.a canopy. 2.; дорсальный; |
| nearshore waters | Relatively shallow inshore waters that do not extend beyond the continental shelf. see also sublittoral zone |
| ekman transport | Resultant flow at right angles to and to the right of the wind direction in the northern hemisphere, to the left in the southern hemisphere. |
| salinity gradient | Salinity gradient: change in salinity with depth, expressed in parts per thousand per metre. see halocline. |
| anoxic sea water | Sea water depleted of oxygen. see hypoxia. |
| anoxic sediments | Sediments depleted of oxygen. |
| sport fishery | See recreational fishery. |
| cottage industry | - Small, locally owned businesses usually associated in fishing with traditional methods and low relative yield.
- Производство с использованием труда надомников
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| introduced species | Species brought into an area where it does not naturally occur, but is able to survive and reproduce there. |
| photic zone | - Sun lit zone extending downward from a lake or ocean surface to the euphotic depth where the light intensity falls to one percent of that at the surface. the photic zone exposed to sufficient ...
|
| surface ocean currents | Surface currents are generally wind driven and develop typical clockwise spirals in the northern hemisphere and counter-clockwise rotation in the southern hemisphere. in wind driven currents, the ... |
| surplus production | Surplus production is the inherent productivity of a fish stock that can be harvested on a sustainable basis. based on the theory that, at large stock size, reproductive rates and rate of stock gr... |
| agricultural runoff | - Surplus water from agricultural land, often draining into rivers and then into the sea, and often enriched with nutrients, sediment, and agricultural chemicals.
- Поверхностный сток с...
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| sustainable yield | - Sustainable yield is the catch that can be removed over an indefinite period without causing the stock to be depleted. this could be either a constant yield from year to year, or a yield which...
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| oceanography | - The branch of earth sciences that studies the ocean, including marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents and waves; plate tectonics and the formation of underwater topography; an...
океанография; |
| incidental catch | - The catch of non-fish species, caught in the course of commercial fishing practices. examples of non-fish species are seabirds, and marine mammals and reptiles, such as dolphins, seals and sea...
случайный улов; |
