| whole-tree chips | Chips made from a whole-tree. |
| stumpwood chips | Chips manufactured from stumpwood (3). |
| molle | Circle of twisted strands of wire rope used as a temporary line to connect the eye splices of two lines. |
| ring rot | Circular rot in a log. any rot localized mainly in the springwood of the growth rings, giving a concentric pattern of decayed wood in the cross section of a tree or log (17). |
| site class | - Classification based on ecological factors and the potential production capacity of an area; a measure of the relative production capacity of a site (17).
- Classification of forest l...
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| forest type | Classification of forest land in terms of potential cubic-foot volume growth per acre at the culmination of mean annual increment (c.m.a.i.) in fully stocked natural stands (33). |
| diameter classes | Classification of trees based on diameter outside bark measured at d.b.h. in forest surveys, each diameter class encompasses approximately 2 inches: the 6-inch class would include trees 5.0 throug... |
| chunk up | Clean up and pile debris after logging an area (8). |
| salvage logging | Cleanup operation, generally with a small crew and light equipment, that collects merchantable material too small to be handled economically with big equipment (19). |
| staggered setting | Clear-cut settings separated by uncut timber (22). |
| fire trail | Cleared area constructed around logging slash or other fire hazards in order to prevent the spread of fire to this hazardous material (17). |
| fire line | Cleared area extending down to mineral soil that surrounds a fire to prevent the fire from reaching fresh fuels (19). пожарный водопровод; |
| flagging | - Colored plastic ribbon attached to trees or stakes to make boundaries, stakes, and other markers visible (20).
- Маркировка
- Мощение каменными плитами
- Climbing te...
геофиз. оконтуривание ф л; геофиз. оконтуривание ф л а ж к а м и; |
| nonstocked areas | - Commercial forest land on which the stocking of growing-stock trees is less than 16.7 percent.
- Commercial forest land on which the stocking of trees is less than 16.7 percent.
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| c.f.l. | Commercial forest land. |
| kraft paper | - Comparatively coarse paper particularly noted for its strength; unbleached grades are used primarily as a wrapping or packaging material.
- A heavy, high-strength paper, sized with re...
papel kraft .; |
| ecosystem | - Complex ecological community and environment forming a functional whole in nature (12).
- A natural system that functions as unit. it is assemblage of living organisms together with t...
экосистема; экологическая система; |
| management-volume inventory | Computation of pertinent data, such as volume or basal area and increment and mortality of stands, to assess silvicultural opportunities (28). |
| multiple-use forestry | Concept of forest management that combines two or more objectives, such as production of wood or wood- derivative products, forage and browse for domestic livestock, proper environmental condition... |
| choked | - Condition in which a log is attached to a skidding unit by means of a wire rope or chain choker (22).
- When a running rope sticks in a block, either by slipping between the cheeks an...
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| fire hazard | Condition of fuel on the ground, particularly slash (19). пожарная опасность см. также fire risk; fire risk; пожарная опаонооть; |
| northern united states | Consists of the following states: connecticut, maine, massachusetts, new hampshire, rhode island, vermont, delaware, maryland, new jersey, new york, pennsylvania, west virginia, michigan, minnesot... |
| haywire operation | Contemptuous term for logging operation that has poor equipment (24). |
| c.f.i. | Continuous forest inventory. |
| broadcast burn | Controlled fire used as a silvicultural treatment to burn a designated area within well-defined boundaries for the purpose of reducing fuel hazards (17). |
| machine rate | Cost per unit of time for owning and operating a logging machine or some logging equipment (20, 22). in accordance with engineering practices, the rate is composed of fixed costs such as depreciat... |
| direct cost | - Cost that varies in direct proportion to production and is attributable to a specific factor of production (26).
- Прямые затраты
- Cost identified with a particular transact...
прямые затраты; затраты прямые; |
| wind shake | - Crack in a tree caused by high winds (19).
- A crack or fissure in timber caused, during growth, by wind strain. window wall 1074 wind shake wind-speed rating the highest wind speed t...
|
| power shovel | Crane, equipped with a boom and dipper stick on the end, to which a shovel bucket is mounted for moving soil (22). |
| basal area | Cross sectional area of a tree, in square feet, measured at breast height. used as a method of measuring the volume of timber in a given stand (12). |
| c.m.a.i. | Culmination of the mean annual increment. |
| pulp hook | Curved steel hook with a wooden cross handle; used in handling pulpwood (24). |
| clearcut | Cutting all trees in an area to a minimum diameter, such as 4 inches (24). tala rasa; |
| bundle bucking | Cutting bundles or truck loads of tree-length wood or long wood into short lengths (8). |
| slashing | - Cutting felled and limbed trees into lengths. also known as bucking.
- Harvest functions
- A process of sizing warp yarns on a slasher. (also see sizing, 1, and slasher.) slasher sizing; warp sizing;
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| topping | - Cutting off the top of a tree at a predetermined, minimum diameter.
- Harvest functions
- Pretentious; as, topping the officer; also, fine, gallant, &c.
- The act of...
покрытие, отгонка легких фракций; прищипывание; пинцировка; покрытие; отгонка легких фракций; |
| selection cutting | Cutting only a portion of the trees in a stand, usually those marked or designated by a forester (24). |
| felling | - Cutting or uprooting standing trees, causing them to fall as a result of the cutting or uprooting.
- Harvest functions
- Валка [рубка] леса felt 1. строительный картон из орг...
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| prelogging | Cutting specified high-value wood products such as poles and pilings before cutting the remainder of the trees (24). |
| precommercial thinning | Cutting trees from a young stand so that the remaining trees will have more room to grow to marketable size. trees cut in a precommercial thinning have no commercial value and normally none of the... |
| mechanical harvesting | Cutting with mechanized equipment, such as the carrier-mounted shear or feller-buncher, instead of by hand with a power saw (9). |
| thinning | - Cuttings made in immature stands in order to stimulate the growth of the trees that remain and to increase the total yield of useful material from the stand (25).
- Утончение
разжижение; утонение; утончение; разжижающий; букетировка; прореживание; |
| butt rot | Decay or rot characteristically confined to the base or lower bole of a tree (17). |
| depletion allowance | - Deduction from taxable income derived from ? wasting asset. the internal revenue code of the united states permits the calculation of depletion allowances either on the basis of a percentage o...
скидка с федерального налога в с ш а; |
| prescribed burning | Deliberate use of fire under conditions where the area to be burned is predetermined and the intensity of the fire is controlled (28). quema planeada; |
| chipper discharge | - Denotes the direction chips leave the chipper housing. may be horizontal, overhead, or from the bottom (23).
- Portable chipper terms
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| chipper | - Designed to chip whole trees or parts of trees.
- Harvesting machine classifications, single function machines
paving breaker.; рабочий; рубильная машина; |
| debarker | - Designed to remove the bark from trees.
- Machine for removing bark from logs or bolts (24).
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| tree shoe | Device in the shape of a segment of a circle used to support the skyline from a spar tree (22). |
| interlocking yarder | Device that allows the main and haul-back drums to be operated together as a single unit to maintain running line tension (22). |
| scribner rule | Diagram log rule, one of the oldest in existence, that assumes 1-inch boards and a 1/4-inch kerf, makes a liberal allowance for slabs, and disregards taper. |
| d.b.h. | Diameter at breast height (24). |
| d.g.l. | Diameter at groundline. |
| d.i.b. | Diameter inside bark. |
| diameter at ground line | Diameter measure of a standing tree at the estimated cutting height. |
| diameter at breast-height | Diameter measure of a tree at 4.5 feet above the ground level. determination of ground level varies regionally; it may be average ground level or highest ground level (24). |
| diameter inside bark | Diameter measurement of a standing tree or log in which the estimated or actual thickness of the bark is discounted (12). |
| d.o.b. | Diameter outside bark. |
| cash flow | - Difference between cash receipts and cash expenditures over a given time (22).
- Движение денежных средств; движение денежной наличности cash-flow statement отчет о движении денежных ...
движение денежных средств; денежный поток; flusso di cassa; денежный поток, движение денежных средств; движение денежных средств, денежный поток; поток денежных средств; |
| blue-stain | Discoloration in the sapwood of pine. at one time this was thought to be a serious defect; now it is used as high-quality interior finish (19). |
| root rot | Disease that destroys tree roots, often killing the tree (17). |
| optimum road spacing | Distance between parallel roads that gives the lowest combined cost of skidding and road construction costs per unit of log volume (22). |
| feed rate | - Distance the stock being chipped moves during a given interval of time or operational cycle (23).
- Portable chipper terms
- The distance that the stock being processed moves...
интенсивность подачи; cutting rate; cutting speed; |
| plan and profile | Drawing showing both horizontal (plan) and vertical (profile) delineation of a road survey (22). |
| timber appraisal | Economic appraisal of the monetary value of a timber stand (22). |
| multiple entry | Entering a stand for commercial harvesting more than once in any one continuous rotation (17). групповой выемочный штрек; |
| gross area | - Entire area of land and water as determined by the bureau of census, 1960.
- Land-use classes
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| tree length | Entire tree, excluding the unmerchantable top and limbs (24). |
| gin pole | - Erect pole with guys, 30 to 50 feet in height, leaning so that a loading block hung at the top is directly over the point where the truck will be spotted for loading (22).
- The cente...
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| forestation | Establishment of a forest, naturally or artificially, on an area, whether previously forested or not (26). |
| afforestation | - Establishment of forest crops by artificial methods, such as planting or sowing on land where trees have never grown (28).
- Direct human-induced conversion of land that has not been ...
облесение; лесонасаждение; лесовозобновление; |
| cubic scale | Estimate of the cubic-foot volume of wood fiber in a tree, log, or other wood product (17). |
| potential yield | Estimated maximum sustained yield cutting level (stated for a period of time such as a year or decade) attainable with intensive forestry; considers productivity of the land, conventional logging ... |
| managed harvest | Estimated volume of timber on commercial forest land that could be cut annually for the next 10 years while improving tree stocking and bringing about a more even distribution of age classes. annu... |
| shelterwood system | Even-aged silvicultural system in which a new stand is established under the protection of a partial canopy of trees. the mature stand is generally removed in a series of two or more cuts, the las... |
| complete tree | - Every component of the tree from the needles to the root hairs (36).
- Завершенное дерево
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| disturbance time | - Examples are: time spent for logging down, towing, detail planning, talking to supervisor, waiting for wood, and waiting for better weather (5)
- Machine time, scheduled operating tim...
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