| site index | - Expression of the growing potential of a specific forest site based on the height of a free-growing dominant or codominant tree of a representative species in a forest of the same type at a sp...
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| ground length | Extent to which the ground around a tree is broken by ridges, gullies or swells, rock outcrops, and sharp slope changes (10). |
| trim allowance | Extra length allowed when bucking logs or estimating volume to account for loss from end injuries or uneven cuts (20). |
| tagline | - Extra length of line at the end of a main line. used as an extension for carrying additional choker hooks or to dampen the swing of a bucket or grapple on a boom-type loader (6).
- A ...
слоган; |
| blower drive | Fan shaft on a turbocharger(22). |
| choker hooks | Fastener on the end of a choker that forms the noose (22). |
| miscellaneous federal | - Federal land other than national forest, bureau of land management, and indian land.
- Ownership classes
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| national forest | - Federal lands that have been designated by executive order or statute as national forests, or purchased units and other land under the administration of the usda forest service.
- Own...
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| limited-area feller buncher | Feller-buncher with a shear mounted on a knuckleboom, allowing the machine to reach and fell several trees while remaining stationary (35). |
| tree-length logging | Felling and transporting the trimmed bole in one piece, whenever possible, for crosscutting at a landing or mill (26). |
| group felling | Felling method used to orient the butts of small- diameter, tree-length timber in one direction for skidding (9). |
| block cutting pattern | Felling pattern started along the timber's front face next to the roadside. a felling machine works back and forth along the face. when sufficient timber has been felled to allow skidding, the cut... |
| wood pulp | - Fiber from wood with varying degrees of purification that is used for the production of paper, paper board, and chemical products (22).
- The cellulosic raw material for viscose rayon...
древесное волокно; |
| backcut | Final cut in felling a tree. made on the opposite side of the direction of fall (24). |
| w.t.c. fires | Fires occurring in w.t.c. piles, usually as a result of heating and spontaneous combustion (3). |
| butt log | First log cut above the stump. also known as butt cut (22). |
| shay swivel | Fitting used to attach the slack-pulling line to the main line on a skyline system (32). |
| standing line | Fixed cable that does not move during logging operations; for example, a skyline anchored at both ends (22). |
| understory | Foliage layer beneath the forest canopy. |
| commercial forest land | - Forest land capable of producing crops of industrial wood and not withdrawn from timber utilization by statute or administrative regulation. included are areas suitable for growing crops of in...
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| all-aged | Forest or stand containing trees of almost all age classes up to and including trees of harvestable age (17). |
| two-storied stand | Forest stand in which two height classes of considerable difference occur: the overstory and understory. does not apply to a forest in the process of reproduction, in which the appearance of two s... |
| plantation | - Forest stand regenerated artificially either by sowing or planting.
- An intensively managed stand of trees of either native or introduced species, created by the regular placement of...
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| interim forest | Forest that exists or will exist until conversion to a target forest is complete. an interim forest may develop under intensive forest management, and may have excellent stocking, but it does not ... |
| international log rule | Formula rule that allows a 1/2 inch taper for each 4 feet of length and allows for a 1/16-inch shrinkage for each inch of board thickness. rule used by the usda forest service (26). |
| lift arms | Front-end loader arms that carry an attachment used for the purpose of lifting (23). |
| hogged fuel | Fuel made by grinding waste wood in a hog; a mix of wood residues such as sawdust, planer shavings, and sometimes coarsely broken-down bark and solid wood chunks produced in the manufacture of woo... |
| bunching | - Gathering and arranging trees or parts of trees in small piles.
- Harvest functions
- Describes the act of traders combining round-lot orders for execution at the same time. ...
группировка; |
| stand condition | General health of a stand of trees reflected by its development relative to the site potential. a good stand condition refers to a fully stocked stand that is producing fiber at a high rate based ... |
| smlallwood | General term describing small-diameter material (such as what might be removed by a precommercial thinning) that is typically unsuitable for commercial roundwood products (35). |
| fiber | - General term for any long, narrow cell of wood.
- Волокно, нить
- A single optical transmission element characterized by a core, a cladding, and a coating. two common structu...
волокно; fbr; fibra; клетчатка; fcs; волокнистость; |
| ground clearance | - General term for removing unwanted vegetation, slash stumps, roots, and stones from a site before afforestation or reforestation.
- Vertical distance between level ground and lowest f...
клиренс то же: расстояние от земли до нижней точки фюзеляжа.; расстояние от земли до нижней точки фюзеляжа также: клиренс.; рукоятка, ручка; |
| forest floor | General term for the surface layer of soil supporting forest vegetation; includes all dead vegetation on the mineral soil surface in the forest as well as litter and unincorporated humus (17). |
| dote | - General term used to denote decay or rot in timber (24).
- “dote,” “doze,” and “rot” are synonymous with “decay”
гнить; |
| seed block | Generally used to describe uncut blocks of trees that are left between and around small clearcut blocks to provide seeds for natural regeneration (17). |
| forest economics | Generally, that branch of forestry concerned with the forest as a productive asset subject to economic principles (26). |
| forest management | Generally, the practical application of scientific, economic, and social principles to the administration and working of a specific forest area for specified objectives (26). |
| silviculture | Generally, the science and art of cultivating (such as with growing and tending) forest crops, based on the knowledge of silvics. more explicitly, the theory and practice of controlling the establ... |
| brush disposal | Getting rid of slash on a logging operation (19). |
| high grade | - Good quality timber.
- Sometimes used to designate the best quality of industrials normally used as drill diamonds. see aaa.
- To steal or pilfer interesting pieces of core, ...
высокий класс; |
| favorable grade | Gradient that slopes downward in the direction of a loaded log truck travel (22). |
| biltmore stick | Graduated stick used to estimate tree diameters when held at right angles to the axis of the stem and comparing the graduations cut by lines of sight tangential to either edge of the stem (26). |
| embedded grit | Grit that is embedded in wood chips in the process of whole-tree chipping. this grit may be extremely difficult to remove when using chips in pulp and paper manufacture (3). |
| sheave | - Grooved wheel or pulley (22).
- A wheel, complete with arm or frame, suspended from structures to permit stringing of fiber optic cables. the sheaves must be lined with urethane or ne...
ролик; шкив; бобина; катушка; блок; |
| g.c.w. | Gross combination weight. |
| g.v.w. | Gross vehicle weight. |
| crown cover | Ground area covered by a crown, as delimited by the vertical projection of its outermost perimeter (26). |
| leaders | - Growing shoots or sprouts of a plant or tree (26).
- Отточия
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| all live trees | - Growing stock, rough, and rotten trees 1 inch in d.b.h. and larger.
- Tree classes
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| clinometer | - Hand instrument used by foresters and timber cruisers to measure vertical angles. such angles, when correlated with specific distances, indicate the height of standing trees (12).
- A...
клинометр; эклиметр; наклономер; инклинометр; |
| abney level | Hand-held clinometer used to measure slope in percent (22). |
| complete tree harvesting | Harvesting of a complete tree, including the roots (3). |
| biomass harvesting | Harvesting of all material including limbs, tops, and unmerchantable stem and stumps, usually for energy wood (3). |
| shipping dry | Having a moisture content (ovendry basis) of 14 to 20 percent. results in reduced shipping weight and less susceptibility to decay. used in the international lumber trade (17). |
| butt hook | Heavy hook on the butt rigging to which chokers are attached. also known as bull hook. |
| stump jumper | Heavy plate underneath a skidder that protects the back housing from contact with high stumps (23). |
| admiralty shackle | Heavy shackle at the tail tree that connects the skyline to the stub line (guyline extension) (19). |
| angledozer | - Heavy steel blade mounted across the front of a crawler tractor. the blade can be raised and lowered, and each end can be advanced and retracted to place the blade at various angles, making it...
bulldozer.; |
| barber chair | High slab-like splint, resembling a chair back, left standing on a stump above the undercut as a result of faulty felling or heavy lean of the tree (26). |
| peeler | - High-grade log from which veneer is peeled, on a lathe, for the production of plywood. peelers are most frequently from old-growth trees. the resulting veneer is usually clear and used in sand...
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| select grade | High-quality lumber. this grade is recommended for all finishing uses where fine appearance is essential. widely used for high-quality interior trim and cabinet work with natural, stain, or enamel... |
| hoedag | Hoelike tool with an elongated blade used for planting trees (17). |
| bardon hook | Hook used with wire rope slings for gripping trees or logs to be skidded (24). |
| grap hook | Hook with a narrow throat adapted to cover a link on a chain and not slip (24). |
| pintle hook | Hooking device normally found on the rear of a piece of equipment and used to pull or attach a cable or trailer (23). |
| gland hand | Hose end and trailer connection for attaching an air line to a trailer (23). |
| diverter valve | - Hydraulic valve that permits a change in the direction of flow of a fluid (23).
- Головной клапан поливного трубопровода, совмещенного с водопроводящим
направляющий клапан; |
| knuckleboom | Hydraulically operated loading boom whose mechanical action imitates the human arm (20). |
| rocky mountain states | Idaho, montana, south dakota, wyoming, arizona, colorado, nevada, new mexico, and utah (10). |
| tailhold | In cable logging, the anchorage at the outer end of the skyline away from the landing. also known as a tailholt. |
| discounted cash flow | - In evaluating investment opportunities, the various costs and benefits anticipated in future years discounted to the present. these values are expressed by either (a) their difference, giving ...
дисконтированный (приведенный) денежный поток; дисконтированный денежный поток; |
| hang-up | In felling, to have a tree catch on another so that it becomes lodged. |
| mensuration | In forestry, the measurement of both standing and harvested timber (12). |
| adverse grade | In highway transport, uphill haul that requires trucks to use lower gears (10). |
| hooker | - In logging, the foreman of a yarding crew. also known as a hook tender.
- Гукер
- [1] contemptuous term for an old-fashioned or clumsy ship. [2] slang for a prostitute.
гукер; |
| coppice | In silviculture, a tree cutting method in which renewal of a newly cutover area depends primarily on vegetative reproduction like sprouting (17). молодой лес; |
| deadhead | - In transport, a vehicle traveling outbound or inbound without a load (12).
- [1] to sail without cargo, usually on a return trip. [2] a non-paying passenger. [3] a useless member of t...
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