| floodplain | - The low relief lands bordering a stream or river, common to the mature and old age stages of stream development. floodplains store excess water in times of high water, and excess sediments in ...
пойма; |
| snowline | The lower limit of any year`s permanent snowfall. separates the zone of accumulation from the zone of ablation. снеговая линия; |
| seafloor spreading | The mechanism by which new seafloor crust is created at oceanic ridges and slowly spreads away as tectonic plates separate. |
| rift system | - The oceanic ridges formed where tectonic plates are separating and a new crust is being created; also, their on-land counterparts like the east african rift.
- A low land region of ea...
|
| eruptive vent | The opening through which volcanic material is emitted. |
| adiabatic rate | The rate of temperature change in the atmosphere due to the raising or lowering of an air mass. the "dry adiabatic rate" is 5.5 deg. f. per 1000 feet, while the "wet" rate is 3... |
| ring of fire | - The regions of mountain-building earthquakes and volcanoes which surround the pacific ocean.
- Popular name for an arc stretching from new zealand, clockwise around the pacific ocean ...
|
| caldera | - The spanish word for cauldron, a basin-shaped volcanic depression; by definition, at least a mile in diameter. such large depressions are typically formed by the subsidence of volcanoes. crate...
кальдера; |
| plug dome | - The steep-sided, rounded mound formed when viscous lava wells up into a crater and is too stiff to flow away. it piles up as a dome-shaped mass, often completely filling the vent from which it...
|
| potential energy (gravitational) | The stored energy of a substance. water has a lot of this if there is an elevation difference. potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy if the water (or other substance) is allowed to m... |
| biostratigraphy | - The study and classification of rocks and their history based on their fossil content.
- The element of stratigraphy that deals with the distribution of fossils in the stratigraphic r...
|
| magma chamber | The subterranean cavity containing magma. when a conduit is opened to the surface, a volcanic eruption is possible. |
| detachment plane | The surface along which a landslide disconnects from its original position. |
| continental drift | The theory that horizontal movement of the earth`s surface causes slow, relative movements of the continents toward or away from one another. |
| plate tectonics | - The theory that the earth`s crust is broken into about fragments (plates,) which move in relation to one another, shifting continents, forming new ocean crust, and causing volcanic eruptions.<...
|
| hydrologic cycle | The transfer of water between numerous temporary storage reservoirs. these include the ocean, rivers and streams, glacial ice, beer cans, dogs and cats, groundwater, and the atmosphere. |
| water cycle | The transfer of water between numerous temporary storage reservoirs. these include the ocean, rivers and streams, glacial ice, beer cans, dogs and cats, groundwater, and the atmosphere. |
| artificial recharge | The unnatural addition of surface waters to groundwater. recharge could result from reservoirs, storage basins, leaky canals, direct injection of water into an aquifer, or by spreading water over ... искусственное восполнение (воды); |
| isostasy | The vertical readjustment of the surface of the earth due to the addition or removal of weight. commonly associated with the advance and retreat of glacial ice. изостазия; |
| subduction zone | - The zone of convergence of two tectonic plates, one of which usually overrides the other.
- A deep trench formed in the ocean floor along the line of convergence of oceanic crust with...
|
| dormant volcano | This term is used to describe a volcano which is presently inactive but which may erupt again. the major volcanic cones of the cascade mountains (in washington, oregon, and california) are believe... |
| loess | - Very fine-grained sediments deposited by wind action. commonly associated with the margins of continental ice sheets. large expanses of loess from the recent ice age are in large part responsi...
лечебница; лесс; лёсс; |
| ashfall (subaerial) | Volcanic ash that has fallen through the air. the resulting deposit is usually well sorted and exhibits a finely layered structure. |
| dacite | - Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color and contains 62 to 69 percent silica and moderate amounts of sodium and potassium.
- Medium-coloured, very fine-grain...
дацит; |
| rhyolite | - Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color, contains 69 percent silica or more, and is rich in potassium and sodium. it is fine grained, which although different in text...
риолит; |
| basalt | - Volcanic rock (or magma) that is generally dark in color, contains 45 to 54 percent silica, and is rich in iron and magnesium. an eruption of basaltic magma is generally quiet, and results in ...
базальт; |
| hot-spot volcanoes | Volcanoes related to a persistent heat source in the mantle. |
| vapor (water) | Water in the gaseous state. |
| connate water | - Water included in the groundwater which is derrived from the rock itself, as opposed to water which has percolated down from the surface.
- Water (often saline) trapped for long perio...
реликтовая вода; |
| evapotranspiration | Water used by plants and animals and subsequently returned directly to the atmosphere. fly-off; эвапотранспирация; |
| geoman | Your`s truly, and a real geogeek. |
