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Rogue waves
| Морской словарь |
Freak waves are the stuff of legend. it is common for mid-ocean waves to reach seven meters (23 feet) in height, and not unusual for extreme conditions to produce waves of up to twice that size. but for centuries mariners have reported a seaman’s nightmare—great walls of water, preceded by abyssal troughs—appearing without warning, often in clear weather, running against prevailing winds and currents, and with no connection to tsunamis caused by earthquakes or submarine landslides. for decades, oceanographers and meteorologists dismissed these reports as pure superstition and maritime myth, on a par with mermaids and the kraken— walls of water simply don’t come from nowhere, they said. over the past sixty or so years, however, there have been many well-documented instances. these include: • 1943: british liner queen elizabeth plunges into a trough and is struck by two massive waves in succession. their impact shatters windows on the bridge 28 meters (92 feet) above the waterline. • 1966: italian liner michelangelo is hit by a 21 meter (70 foot) wave which crashes through the bridge and into cabins, killing two passengers and a crew member. • 1982: semi-submersible oil rig ocean ranger is in a storm on the grand banks. the rig is designed to withstand winds of up to 100 knots and waves up to 34 meters (110 feet), well above the 80-knot gusts and 18 meter (60 foot) waves of the storm. but suddenly a giant wave, far larger than the others, breaks a port light in the ballast control room, allowing water to flood into the rig which eventually capsizes and sinks with the loss of 84 lives. an inves- 263 rogue tigation decides that, although the rogue wave was the proximate cause, design flaws and inadequate crew training contributed to the loss. • 1995: british liner qe2 encounters a wall of water which captain ronald warwick described as “looking like the white cliffs of dover” and estimated to be 29–30 meters (94–98 feet) high. • 2005: norwegian liner norwegian dawn is damaged by a 20–22 meter (66–72 foot) wave which seemed to come out of thin air, long after the sea had calmed down. german cruise ship bremen is hit by a 35 meter (115 foot) monster which smashes bridge windows and cuts the ship’s electricity supply leaving her drifting helplessly. the disputes were finally laid to rest in 2004, just before the last two incidents, when data collected by satellites identified many brief-lived giant wave phenomena, indicating that up to ten may be raging through the world’s oceans at any given moment.however, even though the existence of such waves has now been established, they cannot be predicted and their cause remains a mystery. ongoing research includes: • forecasting: at time of writing (2008), a european union project called maxwave, led by dr. susanne lehner of the german aerospace center, with drs. wolfgang rosenthal and norbert winkel, is subjecting satellite images of the ocean surface to statistical analysis aimed at developing waveatlas—a set of global maps showing extreme wave occurrence, and their height, steepness, and period, with related parameters such as wind speed—as an aid to forecasting the arrival of giant rogue waves. • modelling: conventional linear models of wave build-up cannot explain rogue formation, so mathematicians have begun using the complex theorems of hyperphysics, chaos theory, and quantum mechanics to find a solution. using the schrodinger equation—which predicts the probable future behavior of dynamic systems—professor al osborne of the italian university of turin, working on behalf of the u.s. office of naval research, has shown that waves of up to four times the average height can rear up from nowhere and as rapidly die down. dr. efim pelinovsky of the russian institute of applied physics at nizhny novgorod has produced similar results using the kortweg-de vries equation— which uses the theory of solitons and inverse scattering transform. • research: practical experiments have also shown that monster waves are possible. oceanographers from the technical university of berlin, using a computer-controlled hydraulically-powered wavemaking machine at hanover university, have shown that, when slow-moving waves are overtaken by faster waves, they can pile up to create a vertical wall of water. “the exploding wave was so powerful that it broke through the ceiling of the building in which the tank is located,” reported professor gunther clauss. rogue’s march:music played when a person is dishonorably discharged. see march music. rogue’s salute: rn slang for the single gun fired to signal the opening of court-martial proceedings under the naval discipline act. rogue’s yarn: rope with a colored strand making it identifiable if pilfered or stolen.
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Rogue, английский
Rogue bankrupt, английский
Злостный банкрот
Rogue firm, английский
Недобросовестная фирма
Rogue form, английский
Misfolded form of the prp protein that is normally found in the cell membrane and has the tendency to aggregate in neurons, causing extensive cell death and brain damage
Rogue server, английский
A server which is using non-standard processes and at odds with company policy. it may be set up to spread a virus, collect names for spammers or for some other illicit purpose. role (n)
Rogue wave, английский
- A surprisingly large wave for a given sea state; formally, a wave whose height is more than twice the significant wave height (i.e., the mean of the largest third of waves in a wave record).
- A freak wave which is much higher than the average seas.
Wav, английский
- [from the anglo-saxon w?g]. a volume of water rising in surges above the general level, and elevated in proportion to the wind.
- A short name for wave files, a microsoft windowsa file format for digital audio data.
Wav file, wave, английский
A computer sound recording. wav files tend to be very large, so sound recordings are often compressed into- mp3s- on the internet, giving a slightly lower quality but- much- smaller files. wave (n)
Wave, английский
- A physical activity that rises and then falls periodically as it travels through a medium
- Волна
- A sinusoidal undulation or vibration; a form of movement by which all radiant electromagnetic energy travels.
- A ripple-like irregularity in a lens surface.
- A pulse which occurs twice with each heartbeat
- N волна theory
- Волна; парусная доска типа "вэйв"
- [1] a surface disturbance in the form of a forward-moving ridge-and-trough which does not cause horizontal displacement of the water (see measurement of wind and wave). [2] a line of landing craft or section of an amphibious assault force on its way to the beach. [3] a disturbance, such as a pulse or vibration, which travels through an object, volume of matter, or space itself (e.g., radio wave, sonar wave).
- Женщина, служащая в военно-морском флоте сша
Wave, английский
Wave -, английский
Высота волны
Wave absorbing beach, английский
Волногаситель
Wave acquisition and tracking, английский
Поиск и слежение за (радио) сигналами
Wave amplitude, английский
One half of the wave height.
Wave attenuation, английский
The reduction of wave height as it gets further form its source.
Wave basin, английский
An area adjacent to the entry of an inner harbor in which the waves of the outer anchorage are depleted.
Wave board, английский
Wave breaker, английский
Wave breakers, английский
Wave characteristics, английский
The kinetic energy of waves is tremendous. a relatively small 1.22 meter (4 foot) high wave striking a coast at 10 second intervals expends more than 26,000 kilowatts (35,000 horsepower) per mile of beach, meaning that the energy along a 56-mile stretch is equal to the power generated by hoover dam (bowditch 1995 edition). waves are defined by five characteristics: • height—the vertical distance from trough to crest; • length—the horizontal distance between crests; • period—the time interval between successive crests as they pass a specific point; • velocity—the speed of the wave-form’s forward movement (which seldom exceeds 25 knots = 29 mph = 46 km/h); • surface drift—the actual advance of the water (usually about one-percent of the wave velocity). the highest regular sinusoidal ocean wave (as opposed to an irregular rogue wave) was reliably measured by officers of 16,800 ton fleet oiler uss ramapo in the north pacific on 7th february 1933. following an extraordinary week-long storm that stretched from new york city to the coast of asia, powerful 60-knot (70 mph; 110 km/h) winds crossing thousands of kilometers of unobstructed ocean had produced mountainous waves. by triangulation based on the ship’s superstructure, its officers calculated a height of 34 meters (112 feet) from trough to crest. the crest-tocrest length was calculated as 342 meters which explains why relatively short ramapo (146 meters) was able to ride the waves without the severe structural distress which would have afflicted a longer vessel. see also measurement of wind and wave, wave formation, and wave motion.
Conditions, английский
- The terms of surrender.
- Обстоятельства; условия; режим
- Грузовая устойчивость ~ of crane during lifting operations грузовая устойчивость крана ~ of geometrical shape геометрическая неизменяемость ~ of slope устойчивость откоса ~ of volume постоянство объёма
- Наблюдения за работой сооружений в условиях эксплуатации
- Работа конструкции в условиях эксплуатационных нагрузок
- A set of specified constraints and parameters that are part of the rights group bundled into a rights label. these are enforced at the time of consumption.
Prevailing, английский
Connection, английский
- Liaison
- Соединение; связь
- In steel construction, a combination of joints capable of transmitting forces between two or more members. connector 1. in an electric circuit, a device for joining two or more conductors, by a low-resistance path, without the use of a permanent splice. 2. a mechanical device for fastening together two or more pieces, members, or parts, including anchors, fasteners, or wall ties.
- Патрубок с фланцевым соединением
- A link via wire, radio, fiber-optic cable, or other medium between two or more communications devices.
- Someone with whom a user has established a mutual social relationship on a third-party service that refers to such a relationship as a connection.
Landslides, английский
Superstition, английский
Documented, английский
Документированный; описанный в документации
Succession, английский
- A line of happenings, one after the other she had a succession of miscarriages.
- The orderly progression of changes in a community composition that occurs during development of vegetation in any area; from initial colonization to the attainment of the climax typical of a particular geographic area. micro s.: a dying tree, for example forced by winds to break causes a successional chain of events (also known as degrative succession. - see mosaic climax). autotropic s.: a temporal succession of species location principally involving plants. allogenic s.: a temporal succession of species at a location that is driven by external influences which alter conditions (contrary to autogenic); e.g. silt deposits changes a marshland to woodland. autogenic s.: a temporal succession of species at a location that is driven by processes operating with the community (contrary to allogenic), e.g. primary and secondary succession, that occur on newly exposed land. degraditive s.: degradable resources (feces, dead organisms) are utilized successively by a number of species; there is a link between succession on plant litter and soil formation. heterotrophic s.: a temporal succession of species at a location, principally involving animals. primary s.: soon after a region is denuded, a variety of pioneer species begin to colonize the bare ground and they modify the environmental conditions (e.g. a retreating glacier, early organisms provide the soils needed by succesing organisms - facilitation). secundary s.: follows major changes to an established ecosystem. catastrophic weather events, fire, or human activities all disturb the environment. after such an event on land, well-developed soil remains, giving pioneer species an easy foothold, but also on abandoned agricultural areas. order of s.: once an ecosystem is established, succesion does still take place on a smaller, slower, more complex scale. • degrative oos.: dead organic matter (feces etc ) trigger a succesional change of decomposing organisms until substance is completely recycled. • interactive oos.: interaction between species, e.g. herbivores in an habit; birds feed on caterpillar - too many caterpillars feeding on leaves can decrease competitiveness of plant, in which the bird lives. theories of s.: disturbances in ecosystems open up an area with the following scenarios: • facilitated: only certain pioneer species are capable of becoming established in the open space, but if certain species can exist and establish as adults under prevailing conditions, so that either can be: • tolerated: modification of the environment by early occupants has little or no effect on subsequent recruitment of later successional species, or • inhibited: occupants by early organisms make it less suitable for recruitment of late successional species, e.g. ulva sp.
- The passing of property or legal rights after death. the word commonly refers to the distribution of property under a state’s intestate succession laws, which determine who inherits property when someone dies without a valid will. when used in connection with real estate, the word refers to the passing of property by will or inheritance, as opposed to gift, grant, or purchase.
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Roles de oleron, английский
This medieval code, ancestor of today’s maritime law, was commissioned by elinor of aquitaine on the island of oleron in 1152 (the term “roles” refers to the rolls of parchment on which it was written). originally in french, it was translated and adopted into english law in 1190 while she was acting as regent while her husband king richard lionheart was in the holy land. it was probably copied from rhodian law, which she would have seen while on crusade with her first husband king louis vii of france. its 47 articles are amazingly modern and comprehensive. they cover the duties and responsibilities of the owners of the vessel, the ship’s master and pilots, the crew, merchants consigning goods, and dockyard workers. for example, article vii denies the captain authority to dispose of the ship, but allows limited bottomry subject to consultation with the crew: one man is made maister of a shippe, and the shippe belongeth to many parteners, and departeth from the countre of whiches it is, and commeth to ... a strange countre, the mayster ought not to sell the shyp without he have a procuration or lycence of the ouners. but yf he have need of monnie for the exspences of the shyppe, he may lay to guage (pawn) some of the takelyng (tackle), by the councel of the mariners of the shyp. this is the judgement howe the maister is to governe himself. some of the penalties could be quite harsh, for example article xxiii required a pilot who damaged a vessel through incompetence to repay the merchants for any consequential loss. if he failed to do so, the merchants (or the master) were entitled under article xxiv to cut off his head. by the time elinor issued the roles, richard had separately promulgated his own ordinances or usages of the sea.
Rod rigging, английский
Standing rigging made of stiff steel rods rather than more flexible wire rope.
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