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Wave characteristics
| Морской словарь |
The kinetic energy of waves is tremendous. a relatively small 1.22 meter (4 foot) high wave striking a coast at 10 second intervals expends more than 26,000 kilowatts (35,000 horsepower) per mile of beach, meaning that the energy along a 56-mile stretch is equal to the power generated by hoover dam (bowditch 1995 edition). waves are defined by five characteristics: • height—the vertical distance from trough to crest; • length—the horizontal distance between crests; • period—the time interval between successive crests as they pass a specific point; • velocity—the speed of the wave-form’s forward movement (which seldom exceeds 25 knots = 29 mph = 46 km/h); • surface drift—the actual advance of the water (usually about one-percent of the wave velocity). the highest regular sinusoidal ocean wave (as opposed to an irregular rogue wave) was reliably measured by officers of 16,800 ton fleet oiler uss ramapo in the north pacific on 7th february 1933. following an extraordinary week-long storm that stretched from new york city to the coast of asia, powerful 60-knot (70 mph; 110 km/h) winds crossing thousands of kilometers of unobstructed ocean had produced mountainous waves. by triangulation based on the ship’s superstructure, its officers calculated a height of 34 meters (112 feet) from trough to crest. the crest-tocrest length was calculated as 342 meters which explains why relatively short ramapo (146 meters) was able to ride the waves without the severe structural distress which would have afflicted a longer vessel. see also measurement of wind and wave, wave formation, and wave motion.
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Characteristic, английский
- Property that helps to distinguish between items of a given population (3)
- A quality which allows something to be recognised as different cancer destroys the cell’s characteristics. adjective being a typical or distinguishing quality symptoms characteristic of anaemia the inflammation is characteristic of shingles.
- N характеристика (см. тж. portrayal) articulatory ~ артикуляторная характеристика perceptual ~ перцептивная характеристика, характеристика восприятия
- Характерная особенность, признак; характеристика, особенность ~s of the loading особенности [параметры] нагружение (конструкции)
- The characteristic dimension dc
Characteristic, английский
Characteristic (aton), английский
Характерная черта, особенность, (средств
Characteristic ash curve, английский
Characteristic buckling resistance, английский
Characteristic buckling resistance:, английский
The load associated with buckling in the presence of inelastic material behaviour, the geometrical and structural imperfections that are inevitable in practical construction, and follower load effects.
Characteristic buckling stress, английский
Characteristic buckling stress:, английский
- The membrane stress associated with the characteristic buckling resistance.
- The nominal membrane stress associated with buckling in the presence of inelastic material behaviour and of geometrical and structural imperfections.
Characteristic curve, английский
- A curve in which d is plotted against log exposure resulting from
- Характеристика; характеристическая кривая
- Curve that expresses film density as function of log relative exposure. these curves are useful in determining exposure correction factors and in defining the gamma characteristics of the film. charge coupled device (ccd): solid state optical sensor used in imaging systems. incoming radiation induces electrical charges stored in semiconductor structures for reading.
- Кривая, показывающая плотность пленки как функцию логарифмической относительной экспозиции. эти кривые полезны при определении коэффициентов коррекции экспозиции и гамма-характеристик пленки. устройство с зарядовой связью (ccd): твердотельный оптический датчик, используемый в системах визуализации. приходящее излучение индуцирует электрические заряды, хранящиеся в полупроводниковых структурах для считывания.
Characteristic curve (rt), английский
A curve which expresses film density as a function of log relative exposure. these curves are useful in determining exposure correction factors and to define the gamma characteristics of the film.
Characteristic diagram, английский
A type of diagram that documents all the factors that contribute to or affect a given situation (all the causes that lead to a certain effect).
Characteristic distortion, английский
Характеристическое искажение
Characteristic distortion compensation, английский
Characteristic echaust velocity, английский
Характеристическая скорость
Characteristic equation, английский
Характеристическое уравнение
Characteristic error, английский
Характеристическая ошибка
Characteristic feature, английский
Отличительный признак (изобретения)
Characteristic feature of the, английский
Decorated and flamboyant styles. flowing tracery 423 material, generally displaying elaborate flower patterns and the like. floriated, floreated decorated with floral patterns. flowing tracery: little st. mary’s, cambridge (c. 1350)
Characteristic frequency, английский
Characteristic function, английский
Характеристическая функция
Characteristic impedance, английский
- Характеристический импеданс
- Характеристический импеданс; характеристическое сопротивление; волновое сопротивление
Tremendous, английский
Relatively, английский
Horsepower, английский
- A unit of measurement to gauge the output of a locomotive that is then used to calculate the tonnage of loading that the locomotive can pull over a particular section of track. now referred to in kilowatts.
- Лошадиная сила; мощность в л. с.
- A unit of power equal to 746 watts. horsepower-hour a unit of work or energy equal to the work done by a machine having a power output of 1 horsepower over a period of 1 hour.
- Вычислительные возможности; вычислительнаямощность
- The customary non
- The measurement of the engine`s ability to produce work.
- Unit that measures the rate at which work is done and rates power output; one hp is equal to 746 watts of electrical energy, or the energy required to lift 33,000 pounds, one ft in one min.
Characteristics, английский
- The distinguishing qualities of a navigation aid or buoy, including shape and color, whether fixed or flashing, and flashing sequence.
- A high-performance fiber with high chemical resistance that does not burn in air. it has no melting point and does not drip when exposed to flame. the fiber and fabrics from pbi retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat. the fiber emits little smoke in extreme conditions. it processes well on conventional textile equipment, having processing characteristics similar to polyester. it can be used in 100% form or blended with other fibers. it has a high moisture regain and low modulus with comfort properties similar to cotton. the natural color of pbi is a gold-khaki shade, but it can be dyed to almost any medium to dark shade with conventional basic dyes.
- Acetate fabrics are in appearance fast-drying, wrinkle and shrinkage resistant, crisp or soft in hand depending upon the end use.
- Although modacrylics are similar to acrylics in properties and application, certain important differences exist. modacrylics have superior resistance to chemicals and combustion, but they are more heat sensitive (lower safe ironing temperature) and have a higher specific gravity (less cover).
- Although the properties of the nylons described above vary in some respects, they all exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, toughness, elasticity, abrasion resistance, washability, ease of drying, and resistance to attack by insects and microorganisms.
- Because acrylic fibers are thermoplastic, fabrics may be heat-set for wrinkle resistance and to provide permanency to pleats. acrylic fabrics have low moisture absorbency and dry relatively quickly. in general, acrylic fibers are resistant to the degrading effects of ultraviolet rays in sunlight and to a wide range of chemicals and fumes. they provide warmth in fabrics that are lightweight, soft, and resilient. acrylic fibers have relatively poor flame resistance compared with other fibers. some acrylic fabrics, particularly knit types, approximate the hand of fine wool. because of the composition and cross section of the fiber, fabrics made therefrom have a high bulk to weight ratio. this is further enhanced with the so-called “high bulk” spun yarns.
- Glass fiber is incombustible and will tolerate heat up to 1000°f without material damage. potential strength is not realized in woven fabrics or even in yarns, because the fiber is brittle and fracture points may develop, but nevertheless, very high tensile strength is obtained in woven fabrics, and is retained at elevated temperatures. the fiber originally was difficult to color but methods have been developed to accomplish this. moisture absorption is low. electrical and insulation resistance is high.
- Polychlal fibers have a soft, lamb’s wool-like hand and moderate moisture regain. the fibers are also characterized by high flame resistance and high abrasion resistance.
- Polyester fibers have high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. fabrics are quick drying and tend to have wrinkle resistance and crease retention, wet and dry. polyester is used alone and in blends. it has been one of the first fibers to be developed in fabrics with durable-press features.
- Polyethylene fibers have a low specific gravity, extremely low moisture regain, the same tensile strength wet and dry, and are resistant to attack by mildew and insects. these qualities have made polyethylene fiber suitable for industrial applications, geotextiles, outdoor furniture, and similar applications. polyethylene fiber does not dye, and in most cases, it is colored by the addition of pigments and dyes to the material prior to spinning. it has a low melting point, a property that has restricted its use in apparel.
- Polypropylene fibers have a number of advantages over polyethylene fibers in the field of textile applications. the degree of crystallinity, 72 to 75%, results in a fiber that is strong and resilient, and does not fibrillate like high-density polyethylene. polypropylene has a high work of rupture, which indicates a tough fiber, and may be made with tenacities as high as 8.0 to 8.5 grams per denier. the melting point of polypropylene is 165°c, which is low by comparison with nylon or polyester, but is high enough to make it suitable for most textile applications. so light that it actually floats, polypropylene fiber provides greater coverage per pound than any other fiber. it is highly resistant to mechanical abuse and chemical attack.
- Rayon yarns are made in a wide range of types in regard to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they may be white or solution dyed. strength is regulated by the process itself and the structure of the yarn. (also see polynosic fiber.) luster is reduced by including delustering materials, such as titanium dioxide pigments, in the fiber when it is extruded. the suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the number of filaments in the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and the fiber cross-section.
- Spandex is lighter in weight, more durable, and more supple than conventional elastic threads and has between two and three times their restraining power. spandex is extruded in a multiplicity of fine filaments which immediately form a monofilament. it can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. it does not suffer deterioration from oxidation as is the case with fine sizes of rubber thread, and it is not damaged by body oils, perspiration, lotions, or detergents.
Horizontal, английский
- Горизонталь; горизонтальный
- Горизонталь; горизонтальный 287
- At right angles to the direction of gravity; on the level; parallel to the horizon; neither vertical nor inclined.
- A direction parallel to the horizon, or what is commonly termed lying flat. one of the greatest inconveniences navigators have to struggle with is the frequent want of a distinct sight of the horizon. to obviate this a horizontal spinning speculum was adopted by mr. lerson, who was lost in the victory man-of-war, in which ship he was sent out to make trial of his instrument. this was afterwards improved by smeaton, and consists of a well-polished metal speculum about 3-1/2 inches in diameter, inclosed within a circular rim of brass, so fitted that the centre of gravity of the whole shall fall near the point on which it spins. this is the end of a steel axis running through the centre of the speculum, above which it finishes in a square for the convenience of fitting a
Successive, английский
A последовательный sound
Sinusoidal, английский
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Wave combination, английский
There are statistics that give some support to the old rule of thumb about every seventh wave being a big one. being caused by winds of varying strength, waves are of varying sizes and travel at different speeds. over the open sea, faster moving waves catch up with slower ones, combining to produce a larger wave. moreover, wind waves are often superimposed on swell and the combination can be critically important to cargo vessels, causing deck cargo to be washed overboard or bulk cargo to shift dangerously.
Wave basin, английский
An area adjacent to the entry of an inner harbor in which the waves of the outer anchorage are depleted.
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