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Prison hulks
| Морской словарь |
Ships too worn-out to use in combat, but still afloat, were a common form of internment in britain and elsewhere during the 18th and 19th centuries. in great expectations, dickens describes “a black hulk lying out a little way from the shore, cribbed and barred, and moored by massive rusty chains.” such ships were used to detain prisoners-of-war during the american revolutionary and napoleonic wars. private companies owned and operated convict hulks and the harbor location of these floating prisons was also convenient for the temporary accommodation of persons awaiting penal transportation. the conversion of a famous fighting ship into a prison hulk is described by david cordingly in his book billy ruffian (bloomsbury, 2003): the crew stripped her of everything that had made her a warship the guns were removed and the stores of the bosun, the cook, the carpenter, the gunner, and the sailmaker were taken out. the rigging was dismantled, and the masts and bowsprit lifted out by the sheer hulk. out too came the barrels of food and water, the coal for the galley, and several tons of shingle ballast. the last job of the crew was to scrub the hammocks and wash down the decks.... the pay captain from the dockyard came aboard and paid the sailors of the ship’s company. the marines had already been discharged.... the ship’s log-book ... concluded with the words “sunset, haul down the (commissioning) pendant.” then shipwrights and carpenters from the dockyard removed her gunport covers, fitted bars in the openings, ripped out her internal bulkheads, and installed long lines of cages below deck. a variation of the prison hulk was the juvenile detention vessel.
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Hulk, английский
- 1. a ship, often an old ship or one that has become obsolete or uneconomical to operate, that has had its rigging or internal equipment removed and is incapable of going to sea, but that is afloat and continues to serve a useful function, such as providing living, office, training, storage, or prison space.
- Is generally applied to a vessel condemned as unfit for the risks of the sea, and used as a store-vessel and housing for crews while refitting the vessels they belong to. there are also hulks for convicts, and for masting, as sheer-hulk. (see sheers.)
- [1] slang for a clumsy or unwieldy vessel. [2] the shell of a wrecked, burned-out, or abandoned vessel. [3] formerly and figuratively, an old sailor worn out in the service. [4] during the 17th to 19th centuries, the hull of a vessel condemned as unfit for sea service, dismasted and moored for use as a training or receiving ship, or a floating crane (sheer hulk), or a floating storage facility (warehouse hulk), or to house convicts or prisoners-of-war (prison hulk). lack of space in the dockyards and the ready availability of ships retired from fighting careers were some of the reasons why the navy used hulks rather than building on land.
- Большой неуклюжий человек большое неповоротливое судно
Prison, французский
Prison, английский
- A federal or state public building or other place for the confinement of persons. it is used as either a punishment imposed by the law or otherwise in the course of the administration of justice. also known as penitentiary, penal institution, adult correc
- Тюрьма
Prison, английский
Prison breach (pb), английский
Prison breaker, английский
Заключенный, совершивший побег
Prison ship or prison hulk, английский
A vessel used as a prison, often to hold convicts awaiting transportation to penal colonies; particularly common in the british empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Prison/maison d' arrêt, французский
Prisoner, английский
Prisoner at large, английский
Free to take exercise within bounds.
Prisoner under restraint, английский
Suspended from duty; deprived of command.
Prisoners of war, английский
Men who are captured after an engagement, who are deprived of their liberty until regularly exchanged, or dismissed on their parole.
Convenient, английский
Accommodation, английский
- The eye’s focusing power enabling the eye to see clearly at different distances. this process is achieved by the lens of the eye changing its shape. without the ability to accommodate, the image of an object would blur.
- N аккомодация4
- Адаптация; приспособление
- A form of loan in which the borrower is not obligated to compensate the lender. these loans are often accompanied by accommodation bills, which guarantee that a third party compensates the lender, should the borrower be unable. troubled financial institutions frequently use accommodation loans.
- Of the eye, adjustment of the lens’ focusing power by changing the thickness and curvature of the lens by the action of tiny muscles attached to the lens. accommodation facilitates the viewing of objects near and far.
- Что касается глаза, регулировка силы фокусировки хрусталика путем изменения толщины и кривизны хрусталика под действием крошечных мышц, прикрепленных к хрусталику. аккомодация облегчает просмотр объектов вблизи и вдали.
- Of the eye, adjustment of the lens’ focusing power by changing the thickness and curvature of the lens through its movement by tiny muscles. acgih: american conference of governmental industrial hygienists.
- Of the eye, adjustment of the lens’ focusing power by changing the thickness and curvature of the lens through its movement by tiny muscles.
- Of the eye, adjustment of the lens’ focusing power by changing the thickness and curvature of the lens through the movement of tiny muscles.3 acgih: american conference of governmental industrial hygienists.
Transportation, английский
- Транспортировка, перевозка
- Also conveyance, carriage
- Транспортирование; перевозки
Conversion, английский
- Transformation of a forest from one forest type to another, favoring a particular species or group of species through practices such as cutting, planting, or weeding.
- The wrongful assumption of ownership over the goods or personal property belonging to another
- Пересчет
- Преобразование, переход
- The process of changing one thing into another the conversion of nutrients into tissue
- Модернизация (напр., станка)
- N преобразование; кон- версия4 system speech to text ~ распознавание речи5 text to speech ~ синтез речи6 conversive a конверсивный transformation cooing n воркование 1 семантико-синтаксическая фигура речи, предполагающая пропуск среднего звена в трехзвенной цепочке с последовательным подчине- нием, например: зеленый шум вместо зеленого леса шум. 2 слово, значения которого противоположны друг другу; “aloha” – 1. hello 2. goodbye. 3 определенный договором или соглашением. 4 изменение частеречной принадлежности слова, производимая лишь изменением парадигмы; в языках с отсутствием склонения или спря- жения проявляется просто как употребление слова в функции другой части речи. 5 преобразование речи (произнесенных слов) в письменный текст. 6 преобразование письменного текста в речь, автоматическое звуко- вое воспроизведение компьютером потока текста. cooperative: ~ principle принцип кооперации7 coordinate a 1 сочиненный (о предложении ); 2 однородный coordinated a сочиненный construction, structure coordinating a сочинительный (ант. subordinating) conjunction
- Reducing a vessel by a deck, thereby converting a line-of-battle ship into a frigate, or a crank three-decker into a good two-decker; or a serviceable vessel into a hulk, resembling a prison or dungeon, internally and externally, as much as possible.
- An action by which a subscription (the source subscription) is replaced by a new subscription, both owned by the same billing account, along a preconfigured conversion path. the source subscription is canceled and the destination subscription is the new subscription.
- An action taken by a visitor to your public web site that results in a desired customer response, such as requesting more information or signing up for a newsletter.
- The process of changing from one form or format to another; where information is concerned, a changeover that affects form but not substance. types of conversion include data (changing the way information is represented), file (changing a file from one format to another), hardware (changing all or part of a computer system), media (transferring data from one storage media to another), software (changing a program designed for one platform so that it runs on another), and system (changing from one operating system to another).
- In the context of securities, refers to the exchange of a convertible security such as a bond into stock. in the context of mutual funds, refers to the free exchange of mutual fund shares from one fund to another in a single family.
- Изменение
- Energy shows itself in numerous ways, with transformations from one type to another called energy conversions. for example, kinetic energy in wind fl ows is captured as rotating shaft work further converted to electricity; solar light is converted into electricity by photovoltaic cells. also, electric currents of given characteristics (e.g., direct/ alternating, voltage level) are converted to currents with other characteristics. a converter is the equipment used to realize the conversion.
- When a user completes a desired action on a website. examples of conversions include:
- A conversion is any desired action taken on a website like a purchase, the completion of a contact form, and so on. unique conversions can be set up and tracked in google analytics for a website so one can see how many times these actions have been taken.
Everything, английский
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Private armed vessel, английский
A non-governmental vessel which carries weapons and ammunition for defensive purposes only. under admiralty law such a vessel is non-combatant and does not acquire the legal status of warship or privateer. (see also public armed vessel.)
Priming tube, английский
A short, narrow, metal pipe with a bell mouth. the pipe was filled with quick match, while the cup held a paste of mealed gunpowder, gum, and water. a little dry powder was sprinkled on top and sealed with a paper cover. the tube was inserted into the vent of a cannon, holed with a pricker, and ignited by slow-match or portfire to explode the charge. the tubes were originally made of tin or copper, but hot expended tubes with sharp edges lying on the deck were a hazard to sailors with bare feet, so goose quills of the same size and shape were substituted. the tube was too short to make contact with the cartridge but, when ignited the quick match exploded instan- preamble 248 taneously, producing a powerful spurt of flame which easily penetrated the cartridge bag. see gun firing.
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