| pulse repetition frequency (prf) or rate | The number of pulses produced per second by a laser. |
| axis/optical axis | The optical centerline for a lens system; the line passing through the center of curvature of the optical surfaces of a lens. |
| output coupler | The part of the laser which enable light to come out of the laser. usually it is a partially reflecting mirror at the end of the laser optical cavity. |
| reference beam | The portion of a laser beam that goes directly to the holographic film. the interference pattern that results from the object beam meeting the reference beam at the holographic film is recorded on... |
| optic disc | - The portion of the optic nerve within the eye which is formed by the meeting of all the retinal nerve fibers at the level of the retina.
- Head of the optic nerve in the eyeball.
<...
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| radiant intensity | - The radiant power expressed per unit solid angle about the direction of the light.
- Electromagnetic energy emitted per unit time per unit solid angle.
- Electromagnetic ener...
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| radiance brightness | The radiant power per unit solid angle and per unit area of a radiating surface. |
| operating voltage | The range of specified input voltage required to operate a laser. laser operating voltage is measured in volts (v). |
| neodymium (nd) | The rare earth element that is the active element in nd:yag lasers and nd:glass lasers. |
| quantum efficiency | - The ratio of hole-electron pairs or photoelectrons to the number of photons received by a photodetector. the quantum efficiency can be as high as 80% for an apd and 25% for a pmt.
- P...
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| solid angle | The ratio of the area on the surface of a sphere to the square of the radius of that sphere. it is expressed in steradians (sr). |
| reflectance reflectivity | The ratio of the reflected radiant power to the incident radiant power. |
| wall plug efficiency | The ratio of the transmitter output power, be it microwave or optical, to the (electrical) power consumed by the transmitter. |
| spectral response | The response of a device or material to monochromatic light as a function of wavelength. |
| apd avalanche photodetector | The solid-state equivalent of a pmt, usually restricted to operation in the red, near-infrared and infrared part of the spectrum. for photon-counting applications, they are operated in the so-call... |
| metastable state | The state of an atom, just below a higher excited state, which an electron occupies momentarily before destabilizing and emitting light. the upper of the two lasing levels. |
| radiant flux | - The time rate of flow of radiant energy in units-watts
- The amount of power incident on a given surface, expressed in watts.
- Radiant energy’s rate of flow, measured in wat...
flujo energético; |
| thermal relaxation time | The time to dissipate the heat absorbed during a laser pulse. |
| average power | - The total energy imparted during exposure divided by the exposure duration.
- The average level of power in a signal that varies with time.
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| radiant exposure (h) | The total energy per unit area incident upon a given surface. it is used to express exposure to pulsed laser radiation in units of j/cm2. |
| steradian (sr) | The unit of measure for a solid angle. |
| half-power point | The value on either the leading or trailing edge of a laser pulse at which the power is one-half of its maximum value. |
| interstellar dispersion | The velocity of propagation of electromagnetic waves depends upon frequency. thus, unless the wave is highly monochromatic, the energy in the wave arrives at the receiver at differing times. this ... |
| intrabeam viewing | The viewing condition whereby the eye is exposed to all or part of a direct laser beam or a specular reflection. |
| polarized light | They are nonstandard on industrial lasers, but some polarizing element must be used if a polarized output is desired. |
| photocoagulation | - Use of the laser beam to heat tissue below vaporization temperatures with the principal objective being to stop bleeding and coagulate tissue.
- The process in which tissue coagulates...
фотокоагуляция; |
| transverse electro-magnetic (tem) mode | Used to designate the shape of a cross section of a laser beam. |
| interference pattern | When two waves overlap, their amplitudes add at every point. this results in an interference pattern which records the relative phase relationship between the two waves, storing each individual wa... |
| brewster windows | - Windows at the ends of a gas laser or windows in the transmissive end (or both ends) of the laser tube, made of transparent optical material and set at brewster`s angle in gas lasers to achiev...
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| abcd matrix | A 2-by-2 matrix describing the effect of an optical element on a laser beam |
| spectral interferometry | A class of interferometric methods, where interference in the frequency domain is exploited |
| spectral beam combining | A class of methods for beam combining, based on wavelength-sensitive beam combiners |
| coherent beam combining | A class of methods for beam combining, requiring mutual coherence of the combined beams |
| beam combining | A class of techniques for power scaling of laser sources by combining the outputs of multiple devices |
| effective nonlinear coefficient | A coefficient for quantifying the strength of a nonlinear interaction |
| mode coupling | - A concept for describing and calculating light propagation in certain situations, e.g. involving nonlinear interactions
- The transfer of energy between modes. in a fiber, mode coupli...
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| leaky modes | A concept for quasi-bound waveguide modes with propagation losses due to leakage into the cladding |
| spatial hole burning | A distortion of the gain shape in a laser medium (or the loss spectrum in a saturable absorber medium), caused by saturation effects of a standing wave |
| output coupling efficiency | A factor influencing the power efficiency of a laser, taking into account intracavity losses |
| gain clamping | A firm limitation of the gain of some amplifier or laser, usually caused by lasing action |
| paraxial approximation | A frequently used approximation, essentially assuming small angular deviations of the propagation directions from some beam axis |
| laser marking | A group of methods for labeling materials with lasers |
| phase matching | A group of techniques for achieving efficient nonlinear interactions in a medium |
| mode locking | A group of techniques for generating ultrashort pulses in lasers |
| fibers | - A kind of long and thin optical waveguides which can be bent to some degree
- A unit of matter, natural or manufactured, that forms the basic element of fabrics and other textile stru...
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| laser-induced breakdown | A kind of spark, initiated by intense laser light |
| master oscillator power amplifier | A laser system consisting of a seed laser and a laser amplifier for boosting the output power |
| master oscillator fiber amplifier | A laser system containing a fiber amplifier for boosting the output power |
| slave laser | A laser which is injection-locked to another laser |
| kerr lens | A lensing effect arising from the kerr nonlinearity |
| thermal lensing | A lensing effect induced by temperature gradients |
| flat-top beams | A light beam with a flat intensity profile |
| standard quantum limit | A limit for noise levels set by quantum mechanics |
| doppler limit | A limit for the temperature which is achievable with certain laser cooling techniques |
| transform limit | A limit for the time–bandwidth–product of an optical pulse |
| dispersive wave | A linearly propagating wave which is split off by a soliton wave under certain conditions |
| recoil limit | A lower limit for the temperature which can be reached with some laser cooling techniques |
| phosphorescence | - A luminescence which lasts for a relatively long time after excitation of a medium
- Property of emitting light, without any apparent rise in temperature, or the light so produced, du...
фосфоресценция; фосфоресценция, свечение; свечение; |
| optical thickness | A measure either for the absorption or the effective optical path length of a sample |
| beam quality | - A measure for how well a laser beam can be focused
- Penetrating energy of a radiation beam.
- Проникающая энергия пучка излучения.
- In radiographic testing, penetr...
radiation quality (rt); |
| coherence length | - A measure of temporal coherence, expressed as the propagation distance over which the coherence significantly decays
- That length over which energy in two separate waves remains cons...
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| coherence time | A measure of temporal coherence, expressed as the time over which the field correlation decays |
| q factor | A measure of the damping of resonator modes |
| saturation power | A measure of the incident optical power required for achieving significant saturation of an absorber or a gain medium |
| saturation energy | A measure of the incident optical pulse energy required for achieving significant saturation of an absorber or a gain medium |
| b integral | A measure of the nonlinear phase shift of light, e.g. in an amplifier |
| beam radius | A measure of the transverse extension of a light beam |
| mode radius | A measure of the transverse extent of a laser mode or laser beam |
| sisyphus cooling | A mechanism for laser cooling of atoms or ions |
| soliton mode locking | A mechanism for laser mode locking based on soliton pulses |
| cavity dumping | A method for extracting intense short or ultrashort pulses from a laser, using an optical switch in the laser resonator |
| pulsed laser deposition | A method for fabricating thin films on substrates by evaporating materials with laser pulses |
| electronic dispersion compensation | A method for mitigating the effects of chromatic dispersion in fiber-optic communication links with electronic components in the receiver |
| q switching | A method for obtaining energetic pulses from lasers by modulating the intracavity losses |
| phase shift method for distance measurements | A method for optical distance measurements |
| divided-pulse amplification | A method of amplifying intense ultrashort pulse while avoiding excessive nonlinear effects |
| intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy | A method of laser spectroscopy, based on the evolution of the optical spectrum of intracavity radiation under the influence of narrowband absorption features |
