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Price reviews
| Глоссарий терминов коммунальных услуг |
The regulatory process whereby new prices are established for a given number of years—often three to five. in the case of a price cap, the review will address a wide range of issues, including price baskets, price cap paths, automatic adjustments (as for inflation), productivity offsets (labeled the x-factor), quality of service, infrastructure expansion targets, and financial models. other issues related to a mechanism`s design include a determination to use deadbands or to develop an index of service quality indicators (versus the use of individual indicators), the use of symmetric (versus asymmetric) schemes, and an identification of the types of events that should be excluded from incentive schemes.the resulting control will be specified in a price cap formula and associated rules and definitions.
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Пересмотр цен, русский
Процесс регулирования, при котором новые цены устанавливаются на определенный период времени, обычно от трех до пяти лет. в случае установления предельной цены, пересмотр будет охватывать широкий круг вопросов, в том числе цену потребительской корзины, установление предела цены, автоматическую корректировку (например, на инфляцию), изменение производительности (или х-фактор), качество обслуживания, цели расширения инфраструктуры, финансовые модели. другие вопросы, относящиеся к формированию этого механизма, включают определение границ отсутсвия чувствительности либо необходимости совершенстования индекса показателей качества обслуживания (вместо использования индивидуальных показателей), использование симметричных (вместо асимметричных) проектов, и определение типов событий, которые должны быть исключены из планов стимулирования. итоговый контроль будет заложен в формулу предельной цены и в соответствующие правила и определения.
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Price, английский
- Цена
- Цена о ~s for measured work единичные расценки на (строительные) работы
Price, английский
Price adjustment, английский
- A modification to a quoted price.
- An automatic update of the price of a service item based on the setup of service price adjustment groups.
Price at factor cost, английский
Цена по стоимости факторов производства (рыночная цена минус косвенные налоги плюс субсидии; в снс)
Price band, английский
A price range that has minimum and maximum prices set.
Price basket controls, английский
In price cap regulation, different controls can be placed on specific products or groups of products. the price adjustment of the price cap formula can differ across customer groups or product groups, thus reducing the pricing options available to firms-generally to protect groups with inelastic demands who lack substitutes.
Price c.& f., английский
Цена каф...(название порта назначения). цена товара, реализуемого на условиях "стоимость и фрахт"
Price cap, английский
A legally established maximum price that is imposed on a product or service. generally, this price is below the one that would otherwise be charged by the supplier (for example, a monopolist). a price cap (or ceiling) is placed on a product or service within a market with the goal of keeping the price low, presumably based on the notion that otherwise the price would be too high. however, if imposed on a product or service subject to a competitive market, a price ceiling is likely to create a shortage of, or excess demand for, that product or service. see price cap formula.
Price cap excessive returns, английский
Since a pure price cap regulation can result in a firm obtaining very high realized rates of return under favorable scenarios (and successful cost-cutting), regulators sometimes adopt a hybrid scheme that can involve sharing high returns with customers if those returns exceed a trigger point. in addition, a maximum return can be specified if there are negative political consequences to high reported returns. note, such sharing rules or caps on returns dampens the firm’s incentives for cost containment-leading to incentives similar to those under rate of return regulation.
Price cap financial model, английский
Some versions of price cap regulation do not focus on identifying an externally-identified x-factor, but base the price control on the revenues necessary to cover the operating costs and provide an appropriate return on investments during the control period. the net present value of the firm incorporates the investments required to meet service quality and expansion targets, as well as projected efficiencies (which can be related to an x-factor). the results of the cash flow model are used to determine the price control.
Price cap formula, английский
A precise expression denoting the constraint facing a firm over the period of a price control. an example of a simple version of the formula would be rpi-x+k+q, where the terms reflect adjustments for retail price inflation, productivity, network expansion, and improved quality of service. in practice, with baskets other features, the formal representation of the formula can be quite complicated.
Price cap path, английский
At the time of the price cap review,a regulated firm might be earning excessive or inadequate returns. the regulator must make a determination regarding where to re-set the starting price for the new price cap formula. sometimes a glide path is established to maintain incentives for cost containment during the last stages of a price control. alternatively, a discrete price adjustment (or one-off approach) is used to quickly re-set the price at a level where expected returns are not excessive (or inadequate).
Price cap regulation, английский
See price reviews and price cap formula. such regulation provides strong incentives to cut costs, but price control must also address service quality issues. such regulation reduces incentives to over-invest in capital during the period of a price control.
Price capping, английский
The application of a limit on the prices that a utility may charge in a given regulatory period. a regulator sets the amount with the aim of taking into account the increases in productivity expected of the sector in comparison with the ongoing inflation in the economy as whole. price capping will often be used in conjunction with benchmarking in order to allow the regulator to more easily assess the levels of productivity that a company should be achieving.
Price ceiling, английский
An upper limit for price.
Price change, английский
Increase or decrease in the closing price of a security compared to the previous day`s closing price.
Price check, английский
The process of looking up a price.
Price cif, английский
Цена сиф...(название порта назначения). цена товара, реализуемого на условиях "стоимость, страхование и фрахт".
Price competition, английский
Attempts by rival firms to attract customers with lower prices.
Price compression, английский
The limitation of the price appreciation potential for a callable bond in a declining interest rate environment, based on the expectation that the bond will be redeemed at the call price.
Price contingency, английский
Резерв на случай повышения цен
Established, английский
Установленный
Adjustments, английский
- Корректировка, то есть покупка или продажа некоторого числа опционов с определенным коэффициентом “дельта” с целью приведения позиции к “дельта” - нейтральному состоянию.
- Money that the buyer and sellers credit each other at the time of closing. often includes taxes and down payment.
Productivity, английский
- Производительность; эффективность; выгодность, см. yield; efficiency; utility
- Влияние (состояния) окружающих условий на темпы строительства
- The rate at which biomass is produced per unit area by any class of organisms( see biomass).
- An app category that augments or enhances your ability to get work done.
- The amount of output per unit of input, such as the quantity of a product produced per hour of capital employed.
- An index of efficiency, involving a ratio of outputs to inputs. total factor productivity divides output by inputs, where the weight given the quantity of inputs is the price paid per unit input. sometimes, output divided by labor is used as a measure of productivity, but labor productivity is only a partial measure of the efficiency of an organization, since greater output could also be due to having additional complementary inputs—such as capital or materials. measuring inputs and outputs can be very difficult.
- Производительность
Infrastructure, французский
See railway civil infrastructure; electrical infrastructure; signalling and telecommunications infrastructure.
Determination, английский
- Определение; измерение (параметров, величин)
- N детерминация; определение, установление deep content ~ определение глубинного со- держания
- Определение; измерение; вычисление
- Определение ~ of permeability of concrete определение (водо) проницаемости бетона
- Определение. в аналитической химии измерение количества или концентрации одного или нескольких компонентов пробы. 46
- Определение (суда)
Indicators, английский
Variables that reflect economic performance; e.g., interest and unemployment rates, retail sales.
Individual, английский
Физическое лицо
Asymmetric, английский
- Асимметричные - определенный вид досок, сконструированных специально для плавания на больших волнах, которые имеют асимметричную форму кормы - укороченную на одной стороне, удлиненную с другой. они были разработаны и появились на рынке как специальное реш
- Асимметричный
Identification, английский
- Identification is the association of a particular record within a set of data with a particular population unit.
- Опознавание
- Идентификация; отбор необходимой информации для обработки; выбор массивов (документы оон)
- The act of discovering or stating who someone is or what something is identification with someone the act of associating with and unconsciously taking on the viewpoints and behaviours of one or more other people
- Идентификация определение, установление возбудителя.
- The correspondence between a largely behavioral model and the portion of reality it claims to represent. one can think of such models as having equations whose parameters must be chosen in order for the model to be specified. a parameter can either be assumed to have a certain value and is then hypothesized or it can be estimated (->estimation) from given data and is then said to be identified. a model may be under-identified when not all of its parameters are identified or it may be over-identified when there are two or more inconsistent estimates of a parameter.
- A unique identifier of an object or person.
- Proof or evidence that supports an identity claim.
- The process of mapping an object onto the supported identification schemas or getting the unique user identifier (uid). the operating system, iis, or commerce server usually provides this identification.
- Установление личности клиента
Associated, английский
- Соответствующий; связанный; присоединенный
- Experiencing through your own senses (seeing through your own eyes, hearing with your own ears, feeling with your own feelings.)
Definitions, английский
Files that are used to help detect harmful or unwanted software and to prevent it from installing or running on your computer.
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Price elasticity of demand, английский
- The responsiveness of demand to changes in price. calculated by dividing the percentage change in price by the percentage change in demand, the price elasticity of demand shows how an increase in price will affect total firm revenues; i.e., a value less than 1 indicates an inelastic demand and an increase in total revenue for a price increase; a value of more than one indicates that total revenue will decrease with an increase in price. see demand elasticity.
- Эластичность спроса по цене
Productivity growth, английский
The rate of change of a specific productivity index. the number depends on the underlying rate of technological change and improvements in product quality. different sectors have different opportunities for productivity growth.
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