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Autonomy
| Глоссарий медицинских терминов |
- The state of being free to act as one wishes
- Автономность
- Attribute of an organizationally closed system, i.e., a system whose organization is self-explanatory and by implication circular. the understanding of autonomous systems requires references neither to events outside that system e.g. causes (->(ausality), nor to a metasystem of which it maybe a part for reasons other than what constitutes its organization. autonomous systems possess (a) a recursive form of organization of (b) processes which continually constitute their own unity by maintaining (c) a boundary within which its organization is realized (->recursion, ->recognition, ->constitution) •
- Способность системы работать и адаптироваться к изменяющимся обстоятельствам с уменьшенным или без человеческого или внешнего контроля.
- The state of being in independent control of your own life.
- The freedom to decide and practice independently.
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Автономность, русский
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Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
Explanatory, английский
- A объяснительный, поясняющий, пояснитель- ный (ант. descriptive); толковый (о словаре ) adequacy, power, theory
- Разъясняющий; поясняющий
Implication, английский
N импликация implicature n импликатура implicit a имплицитный, скрытый, неявный (ант. explicit) 1 пропозициональное значение. 2 термин используется для маркирования детских языковых рас- стройств, не имеющих в качестве причины локализованные мозговые повреждения подобно афазии взрослых, – специфические, надежные мозговые маркеры не идентифицированы до настоящего времени. implicitation n импликация; имплицитность (ант. explicitation) implied a подразумеваемый; предполагаемый sense implosive n имплозивный
Understanding, английский
- Интерпретация
- N когн. понимание (син. comprehension) ungrammatical a неправильно построенное (предложение ) (син. ill formed)
Autonomous, английский
- A system with functions capable of operating without direct human control. biological sensors (biosensors): devices used to detect the presence or concentration of a biological analyte, such as a biomolecule, a biological structure, or a microorganism.
- Controlled by computer programs and not people.
References, английский
- Ссылки. список литературы, на которую имеются ссылки в протоколе, отчете о клиническом исследовании или публикации.
- An object is a reference when its only function is to point to another object or its contents. this capability allows a program to manipulate and store collections of objects by reference easily, rather than manipulating their contents. it also allows for collections of "anonymous" items, whose number and contents are only known at run-time. references, free & bound a term used in programming. a bound reference to a variable occurs when the variable is mentioned in a context in which it has a value. a free reference occurs when a variable is mentioned in a context where its value is unknown (e.g., an external reference in a function). see also: lisp.
Metasystem, английский
- Метасистема
- A system of a logical type higher (->theory of logical types) than a given system. a metasystem can consider criteria or decide on propositions the system of lower ordinality may not be able to reflect or decide upon. so, a thermostat for the regulation of the room temperature is embedded in a metasystem involving humans being able to set a preferred temperature. the explanation of why chess players obey the rules of chess is not contained in the rules of chess, and requires the construction of a metasystem involving human motivations, social controls and incentives.
Constitute, английский
Составлять; представлять; основывать
Recognition, английский
- Опознавание
- N восприятие, распо- знавание system, technology, test, vocabulary character ~ распознавание текстов optical ~ ~ оптическое распознавание тек- стов consonant ~ распознавание согласных 10 требует ответа «да» или «нет»; англ: «have you seen james» 11 влияние, оказываемое одним элементом на значение другого, свя- занного с ним. 12 произносимые собеседником слова распознаются по движениям губ. reconstruction 77 repetition speech ~ восприятие, распознавание речи (см. тж. speech to text conversion) word ~ псхлнгв. опознавание (распознава- ние) слова
- Literally, knowing again. here, (a) an equivocation of signals or messags sent at different times, (b) an equivalence relation established by an observer betwe"en a current observation and a class of previous observations, (c) the representation of a current state, condition or property by terms previously used for representing similar states, conditions or properties. pattern recognition involves the application of decision procedures to determine whether two patterns are the same, different or of what kind each is. from an observer`s perspective (b) is accomplished by the use of identical terms or names for categories as in (c). the definitions differ merely in emphasis on the consequence or the process of perception respectively.
- The interpretation of strokes or gestures as characters or operations.
- Оприходование
Constitution, английский
- The general health and strength of a person she has a strong constitution or a healthy constitution. he has a weak constitution and is often ill.
- Was one of six “super-frigates” authorized for construction by the naval act of 1794 (see warship rating). launched in 1797, and known affectionately as “old ironsides,” she is frequently claimed to be the oldest commissioned warship in the world, but in fact that honor belongs to hms victory who is 32 years older. however, the latter is in dry dock, while constitution is still afloat.
- An act of establishing by pointing to the fundamental components, procedures, laws or forms of organization that a system must necessarily possess for it to be of a certain kind. so, the electoral process which determines the membership and composition of a governing group constitutes that government as a representative one. organizational closure (and several other requirements) constitutes a system as an autopoietic one. "self-definition" is a synonym for "constitution." in politics a "declaration of independence" or a formal "constitution" has this effect. in d`arcy thompson`s principle that "growth creates form, but form limits growth," growth and form constitute each other.
Способность, русский
- Успешная стратегия выполнения некоторого задания. стратегия последовательность мыслей и действий для получения конкретного результата.
- Способность, дарование, дар, призвание, умение, ловкость, жилка, струнка, талант, гений; даровитость, талантливость, восприимчивость, переимчивость; годность, дееспособность, работоспособность, кредитоспособность, правоспособность. недюжинные способности.
- Определяются как такие индивидуально-психологические особенности субъекта, кои выражают его готовность к овладению некоими видами деятельности и их успешному выполнению, являются условием их успешного выполнения. под ними понимается высокий уровень интегр
- Определяются как такие индивидуально-психологические особенности субъекта, кои выражают его готовность к овладению некоими видами деятельности и их успешному выполнению, являются условием их успешного выполнения. под ними понимается высокий уровень интеграции и генерализации психических процессов, свойств, отношений, действий и их систем, отвечающих требованиям деятельности. включают в себя как отдельные знания, умения и навыки, так и готовность к обучению новым способам и приемам деятельности.
- Ability
Independent, английский
- One who logs and sells his output on the open market; not associated with a mill or under company or dealer contract (19).
- Независимый; автономный
- Независимый, автономный
- Независимый, самостоятельный; рантье (лицо, живущее на доходы от капитала)
- Независимый
- A независимый
- A merchant ship under naval control, but sailing alone and unescorted by any warship.
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Elation, английский
The state of being happy, stimulated and excited
Flaccidity, английский
The state of being flaccid
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