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Doping
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- Controlled addition of small quantities of an impurity to a pure substance in order to change its characteristics, e.g., increase the refractive index of the fiber core
- Допинг
- The addition of dopants to a semiconductor.
- In electronics, the addition of impurities to a semiconductor to achieve a desired characteristic, often altering its conductivity dramatically. also known as semiconductor doping.
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Допинг, русский
(англ . doping, от dope - давать наркотики), вещества, временно усиливающие физическую и психическую деятельность организма, применяемые для улучшения спортивного результата. в 1967 международный олимпийский комитет принял решение о запрещении допинга в спорте и об организации контроля на допинг на соревнованиях.
Легирование, русский
(нем . legieren - сплавлять, от лат. ligo - связываю, соединяю), 1) введение в состав металлических сплавов т. н. легирующих элементов (напр., в сталь - cr, ni, mo, w, v, nb, ti и др.) для придания сплавам определенных физических, химических или механических свойств. 2) введение примесных атомов в твердое тело (напр., в полупроводники для создания требуемой электрической проводимости). легирование диэлектриков обычно называют активированием.
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Controlled, английский
- Управляемый; регулируемый
- Управляемый
- Подконтрольный (о предприятиях)
Characteristics, английский
- The distinguishing qualities of a navigation aid or buoy, including shape and color, whether fixed or flashing, and flashing sequence.
- A high-performance fiber with high chemical resistance that does not burn in air. it has no melting point and does not drip when exposed to flame. the fiber and fabrics from pbi retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat. the fiber emits little smoke in extreme conditions. it processes well on conventional textile equipment, having processing characteristics similar to polyester. it can be used in 100% form or blended with other fibers. it has a high moisture regain and low modulus with comfort properties similar to cotton. the natural color of pbi is a gold-khaki shade, but it can be dyed to almost any medium to dark shade with conventional basic dyes.
- Acetate fabrics are in appearance fast-drying, wrinkle and shrinkage resistant, crisp or soft in hand depending upon the end use.
- Although modacrylics are similar to acrylics in properties and application, certain important differences exist. modacrylics have superior resistance to chemicals and combustion, but they are more heat sensitive (lower safe ironing temperature) and have a higher specific gravity (less cover).
- Although the properties of the nylons described above vary in some respects, they all exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, toughness, elasticity, abrasion resistance, washability, ease of drying, and resistance to attack by insects and microorganisms.
- Because acrylic fibers are thermoplastic, fabrics may be heat-set for wrinkle resistance and to provide permanency to pleats. acrylic fabrics have low moisture absorbency and dry relatively quickly. in general, acrylic fibers are resistant to the degrading effects of ultraviolet rays in sunlight and to a wide range of chemicals and fumes. they provide warmth in fabrics that are lightweight, soft, and resilient. acrylic fibers have relatively poor flame resistance compared with other fibers. some acrylic fabrics, particularly knit types, approximate the hand of fine wool. because of the composition and cross section of the fiber, fabrics made therefrom have a high bulk to weight ratio. this is further enhanced with the so-called “high bulk” spun yarns.
- Glass fiber is incombustible and will tolerate heat up to 1000°f without material damage. potential strength is not realized in woven fabrics or even in yarns, because the fiber is brittle and fracture points may develop, but nevertheless, very high tensile strength is obtained in woven fabrics, and is retained at elevated temperatures. the fiber originally was difficult to color but methods have been developed to accomplish this. moisture absorption is low. electrical and insulation resistance is high.
- Polychlal fibers have a soft, lamb’s wool-like hand and moderate moisture regain. the fibers are also characterized by high flame resistance and high abrasion resistance.
- Polyester fibers have high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. fabrics are quick drying and tend to have wrinkle resistance and crease retention, wet and dry. polyester is used alone and in blends. it has been one of the first fibers to be developed in fabrics with durable-press features.
- Polyethylene fibers have a low specific gravity, extremely low moisture regain, the same tensile strength wet and dry, and are resistant to attack by mildew and insects. these qualities have made polyethylene fiber suitable for industrial applications, geotextiles, outdoor furniture, and similar applications. polyethylene fiber does not dye, and in most cases, it is colored by the addition of pigments and dyes to the material prior to spinning. it has a low melting point, a property that has restricted its use in apparel.
- Polypropylene fibers have a number of advantages over polyethylene fibers in the field of textile applications. the degree of crystallinity, 72 to 75%, results in a fiber that is strong and resilient, and does not fibrillate like high-density polyethylene. polypropylene has a high work of rupture, which indicates a tough fiber, and may be made with tenacities as high as 8.0 to 8.5 grams per denier. the melting point of polypropylene is 165°c, which is low by comparison with nylon or polyester, but is high enough to make it suitable for most textile applications. so light that it actually floats, polypropylene fiber provides greater coverage per pound than any other fiber. it is highly resistant to mechanical abuse and chemical attack.
- Rayon yarns are made in a wide range of types in regard to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they may be white or solution dyed. strength is regulated by the process itself and the structure of the yarn. (also see polynosic fiber.) luster is reduced by including delustering materials, such as titanium dioxide pigments, in the fiber when it is extruded. the suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the number of filaments in the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and the fiber cross-section.
- Spandex is lighter in weight, more durable, and more supple than conventional elastic threads and has between two and three times their restraining power. spandex is extruded in a multiplicity of fine filaments which immediately form a monofilament. it can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. it does not suffer deterioration from oxidation as is the case with fine sizes of rubber thread, and it is not damaged by body oils, perspiration, lotions, or detergents.
Refractive, английский
Semiconductor, английский
- A solid material characterized by comparatively high resistivities.
- A material whose resistivity lies between that of conductors and insulators, e.g., germanium and silicon. solid state devices such as transistors, diodes, photocells, and integrated circuits are manufactured from semiconductor materials.
- Полупроводник
- Any material that has a limited capacity for conducting an electric current. certain semiconductors, including silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium telluride, are uniquely suited to the photovoltaic conversion process.
- A substance, commonly silicon or germanium, whose ability to conduct electricity falls between that of a conductor and that of a nonconductor (insulator). the term is used loosely to refer to electronic components made from semiconductor materials.
- An electronic material that can be an insulator under one condition and switch to a conductor under a different condition shear-thinning
Electronics, английский
- " and aerospace systems conference конференция по электронике и авиационно-космическим системам
- Электроника; электронное оборудование
- Электроника
- *^ research center научно-исследовательский центр по электронике
Impurities, английский
Elements or compounds whose presence in a material is undesired.
Characteristic, английский
- Property that helps to distinguish between items of a given population (3)
- A quality which allows something to be recognised as different cancer destroys the cell’s characteristics. adjective being a typical or distinguishing quality symptoms characteristic of anaemia the inflammation is characteristic of shingles.
- N характеристика (см. тж. portrayal) articulatory ~ артикуляторная характеристика perceptual ~ перцептивная характеристика, характеристика восприятия
- Характерная особенность, признак; характеристика, особенность ~s of the loading особенности [параметры] нагружение (конструкции)
- The characteristic dimension dc
Conductivity, английский
- Conductivité
- The rate at which heat is transmitted through a material.
- A term used in describing the capability of a material to carry an electrical charge. usually expressed as a percentage of copper conductivity copper being one hundred (100%) percent. conductivity is expressed for a standard configuration of conductor.
- Проводимость
- Удельная электропроводность; удельная электрическая проводимость
- Parameter used for characterising hydrogeological conditions, more
- This is the inverse of resistance, and refers to the ability of a conductor to carry current.
Dramatically, английский
Electronic, английский
- Associates, incorporated фирма «электроник ассо- шиитс инкорпорейтед»
- Communications, incorporated фирма «электронике комьюникейшнз инкорпорейтед»
- Devices, incorporated фирма «электроник дивайсиз :ин- корпорейтед»
- Электронный
- [emergency] locator transmitter аварийный радиомаяк
- One of the music genres that appears under genre classification in windows media player library. based on id3 standard tagging format for mp3 audio files. id3v1 genre id # 52.
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Commit a fault, английский
Length of the course, английский
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