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Rate of return regulation
| Глоссарий по экологии и "зеленой" энергетике |
A form of regulation wherein the regulator determines the rate of return that a utility needs to and can be allowed to earn on investment and this sets the basis of the prices that can be charged. effectively this means that profit levels are regulated. this is the system mainly used in the us. the main criticism is that it does not encourage efficiency as much as the rpi-x form of price regulation. in practice this can lead to inefficiency, lack of innovation and ‘gold plating’ - that is, overspending to keep profits down.
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Regulation, английский
- A rule or order prescribed for management or government
- Регулирование
- Регулирование, правило, постановление
- Any rule prescribing permitted or forbidden conduct, whether established by legislation or the action of an administrative agency; also
- The act of regulating the regulation of the body’s temperature
- Any systematic (rule-like or determinate) behavior of one part of a system that tends to restrict the fluctuations in behavior of another part of that system. while both parts must lie in the same feedback loop, regulation involves this basic asymmetry
- The process whereby the designated government authority provides oversight and establishes rules for firms in an industry. regulation places constraints on behavior, establishes good (or bad) incentives, and addresses issues that are politically contentious. decisions are implemented through a rule or order issued by an executive authority or regulatory agency of a government and having the force of law.
- Норма
- A rule or order issued by governmental executive authorities or regulatory agencies and having the force of law. regulations implement policies and are mostly specifi c for particular groups of people, legal entities or targeted activities. regulation is also the act of designing and imposing rules or orders. informational, transactional, administrative and political constraints in practice limit the regulator’s capability for implementing preferred policies.
- The order in which trains are run in practice so as to minimise delay
Investment, английский
- Инвестиции; капитальные вложения, см. capital investment
- Инвестиция
- The first process of a siege, in taking measures to seize all the avenues, blocking up the garrison, and preventing relief getting into the place before the arrival of the main army with the siege-train.
- Финансирование; капиталовложение; вклад; инвестиция
- The purchase of stocks, bonds, mutual fund shares, real property, an annuity, collectibles, or other assets, with the expectation of obtaining income or capital gains-or both-in the future.
- A discrete asset or group of assets held for future income, appreciation, or both and tracked separately.
- The creation of more money through the use of capital.
- An item of value purchased for income or capital appreciation. capital investments include equipment, pipes and other fixed assets. financial investments include stocks, bonds, and other securities.
Efficiency, английский
- A rating on comfort equipment, similar to the miles per gallon rating on your car. the higher the rating, the more efficient the system and the lower your fuel consumption will be.
- A comfort-equipment and fuel-efficiency rating similar to the miles-per-gallon rating for automobiles
- A general term used to describe how effectively a heat pump, air conditioning system, or furnace converts incoming energy to outgoing energy. the higher the number, the more efficient the unit, and the lower the operating costs.
- A measure of a product`s ability to utilize input energy; expressed as a percentage.
- Эффективность; кпд
- Эффективность (производства); производительность (труда), см. yield, utility, productivity
- Эффективность
- Эффективность; полезный эффект результативность в зависимости от затраченных ресурсов (времени, финансов и др.).
- Эффективность (улавливания частиц). применительно к фильтрам, пылеуловителям и брызговым скрубберам — отношение количества частиц, задерживаемых данным устройством, к поступающему в него количеству (обычно выражается в процентах) (предварительный стандарт мос, 8).
- In a loudspeaker, the ratio of acoustic power output to electrical power input.
- The degree and speed with which a market accurately incorporates information into prices.
- An economic goal of receiving the most satisfaction from a given amount of resources; it occurs when satisfaction cannot be increased through increased production of one good and less of another. see allocativeefficiency and productiveefficiency.
- Однокомнатная квартира с плитой и раковиной в жилой комнате
- The ratio of the useful energy output to energy input of a machine or other energy-converting plant.
Inefficiency, английский
Innovation, английский
- Нововведение
- Нововведение; новшество
- Новшество; нововведение; новаторство о ~s in building technology нововведение [новые достижения] в строительной технологии; ~s in
- The introduction and dissemination of a new idea, production method or product throughout a society and economy and leading to change in both. considered a primary source of economic growth.
- Реструктуризация (задолженности)
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Active networks, английский
Distribution networks traditionally are passively managed. active management enables generators and customers to connect more easily; allow greater interaction between utilities and customers and provide incentives to consumers and generators to act more efficiently both in the short and long-term. active management stems from greater interconnectivity of networks and the use of local control areas (or ‘cells’). such networks offer the opportunity for an increased range of services to consumers, as well as offering greater operational security. they tend to become increasingly necessary as the level of distributed generation on a system increases.
Liberalisation, английский
Technically, the removal of restrictions on the movement of capital. it has come to refer to a policy of promoting liberal economics by limiting the role of government in the operation of the market economy. liberalisation can include privatisation and deregulation/re-regulation. typically it refers to the establishment of an industry structure to allow competition, for example, as is possible with electricity generation. the process includes the shifting of publicly-owned companies into the private sector, such that provision of services is subject to greater competition or, in the case of natural monopolies to greater oversight with regard to economic efficiency.
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