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Likelihood ratio
| Эпидемиологический словарь (глоссарий) |
- Отношение правдоподобия
- When evaluating the likelihood of the evidence while comparing two disjoint hypotheses, ha and hb, the likelihood ratio is the ratio of p(e|ha) to p(e|hb). it is sometimes referred to as a bayes factor for ha versus hb the posterior odds for any prior can be computed by multiplying this ratio by the prior odds ratio. see also: odds ratio. linear discriminant analysis (lda) linear discriminant analysis (lda) is a form of supervised learning, originally developed as a statistical tool, for finding an optimal linear rule to separate two classes (concept). the algorithm finds the line in a hyperspace that connects the centroids of the positive and negative examples and chooses a breakpoint along that line that best separates the class, weighting the coefficients to account for any linear correlations between the attributes. when the concept is linearly separable, lda can completely separate the classes. the "linear" in this term refers to the linearity of the function that combines the attributes, not to the attributes themselves. the attribute list can include powers and products of other attributes, as well as other functions such as spline functions of the "real" attribute. the rule is of the form a + b.x + c.y + d.z + ..., i.e., it is linear in the given attributes. the value of a, sometimes called the bias or the intercept, is often chosen so that any positive score on an attribute is taken to mean membership in one class, and a negative score to mean membership in the other. it can be extended to learn multiple classes through a technique called multiple discriminant analysis (mda), which estimates k-1 linear functions to separate k classes on the basis of the attributes. see also: linearly separable, machine learning.
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Правдоподобия отношение, русский
Отношение правдоподобия наблюдения данных при действующих условиях к наблюдению этих же данных при других условиях (например, «идеальных»), либо сравнение различных условий модели с целью оценки, какая из моделей подходит лучше всего. в клинической эпидемиологии по используют для оценки скрининга и диагностических анализов.
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Likelihood, английский
- Вероятность. правдоподобие.
- Правдоподобие; вероятность
- In probabilistic and statistical methods, the likelihood is a measure of the evidence for the data when a hypothesis is assumed to be true. it is commonly used in bayesian and quasi-bayesian techniques. a related measure, minimum message length, can be derived from information theoretic principles. as an example, suppose you observe a data value x that is assumed to be gaussian. the likelihood for that data when the assumed mean is, say, 5, and the variance is 10, is proportional to e-((x-5)2/2*10), the kernel of a gaussian distribution. a likelihood is typically calculated using the kernel, rather than the complete distribution function, which includes the normalizing constants. see also: minimum message length.
Likelihood estimation, английский
Оценка степени вероятности
Likelihood function, английский
Функция правдоподобия
Likelihood of confusion, английский
- Вероятность спутывания; вероятность смешения; возможность спутывания; возможность смешения (субъективный критерий правомочности товарного знака при наличии сходных товарных знаков на родственные товары)
- Grounds to refuse to register the trademark in your application when it conflicts with a similar trademark that`s registered for goods or services related to yours. if both trademarks were in use in commerce at the same time, it would likely cause confusion for consumers, who may not be able to determine the source of the goods or services.
Likelihood of mistake, английский
Вероятность ошибки
Likelihood ratio test, английский
Ratio, английский
- Rapport;coefficient;quantité
- (отношение, коэффициент) значение, полученное при делении одной величины на другую;
- (со) отношение, пропорция; степень; коэффициент
- (со) отношение; коэффициент
- Radiotelescope in orbit
- A number which shows a proportion or which is the result of one number divided by another an iq is the ratio rattle 342 of the person’s mental age to his or her chronological age.
- N отношение derivation ~ отношение словообразования linguistic ~ лингвистическое отношение
- Отношение; пропорция reaching every district (red)
- Отношение; пропорция
- Отношение
- Знаменатель геометрической прогрессии
- Влияние водоцементного отношения на прочность (при сжатии) бетона
- Коэффициент
- Ratio of signal values (responses that contain relevant information) to baseline noise values (responses that contain nonrelevant information). see noise.
Ratio, английский
Ratio, английский
Ratio, английский
Ratio, латинский
(лат.) — разум, рассудок, основа; ratio cognoscendi — основа познания; ratio essendi — основа бытия.
Ratio (idr), английский
Ratio analysis, английский
- Анализ коэффициентов
- Кредитно-инвестиционный анализ (на основе различных
Ratio attribute, английский
A ratio-valued attribute takes on values for which the absolute value is meaningful, and has a true zero, such as a weight or count. ratios of these numbers refer to ratios of physical quantities. translation or scaling of these numbers would change their meaning. a ratio attribute can be either continuous valued or discrete valued (e.g., a count). see also: interval attribute, machine learning, nominal attribute (type), ordinal attribute.
Ratio calendar combination, английский
A strategy consisting of a simultaneous position of a ratio calendar spread using "calls" and a similar position using puts, where the striking price of the "calls" is greater that the striking price of the "puts".
Ratio changing cam, английский
Ratio chart, английский
Коэффициентная номограмма
Ratio cognoscendi, латинский
Ratio control, английский
Регулирование соотношения
Ratio decendi, английский
The ground or reason of the decision in a case
Evaluating, английский
The function of obtaining data developed by a testing agency, and utilizing such data to perform calculations, ,cdetermine suitability, project results, or otherwise draw conclusions resulting from an, analysis of these data. (astme699) part v quality control
Discriminant, английский
Дискриминант
Originally, английский
Первоначально
Statistical, английский
Hyperspace, английский
A space within more than three dimensions. any geometrical construction whose cells or points are characterized by more than three values (->cartesian product). although hyperspaces can be depicted, just as a three-dimensional cube can be projected on a two-dimensional surface so can four-, five-, ••• n-dimensional cubes be represented, but it is difficult for the human mind to imagine operating in such spaces. this poses many practical problems of visualizing multi-variate data especially in the social sciences.
Breakpoint, английский
- A location in a program at which execution is halted so that a programmer can examine the program’s status, the contents of variables, and so on.
- For mutual funds, the point at which the amount invested reduces the sales charge is called the "breakpoint." each mutual fund may have several breakpoints; the larger the investment, the greater the discount. note that the actual reduction in the sales charge is known as the "breakpoint discount". also, the term "breakpointing" is sometimes used to refer to the offering of breakpoint discounts. the practice of soliciting mutual fund purchases just below the breakpoint (to earn more commissions) is considered unethical and in violation of nasd rules. see: right of accumulation.
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Правдоподобия функция, русский
Функция, построенная по статистической модели и набору наблюдаемых данных, которая дает вероятность наблюдаемых данных для различных значений неизвестных параметров модели. значения параметров, при которых вероятность максимальна, являются оценкой максимального правдоподобия для этих параметров.
Правдоподобия отношение, русский
Отношение правдоподобия наблюдения данных при действующих условиях к наблюдению этих же данных при других условиях (например, «идеальных»), либо сравнение различных условий модели с целью оценки, какая из моделей подходит лучше всего. в клинической эпидемиологии по используют для оценки скрининга и диагностических анализов.
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