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Jpeg - joint photographic expert group
| Telecommunications Glossary |
Jpeg is an industry standard for stillimage compression that is moving into full-motion video. storing the video signal is a problem as it takes a 300 megabyte hard disk to store just 10 seconds of digital video. compression is the answer to storage problems. jpeg is a compression technique based upon intraframe encoding technology. it allows full restoration of symmetrically compressed images. symmetrical compression means that the image takes an equally long time to be compressed as it does to be decompressed. an asymmetrical scheme takes longer to compress an image than to decompress it and typically compresses the image on a computer other than the one to be used for decompression. relying on a newly adopted format to encode and decode digital images based on independent, nontemporal (intraframe) data, jpeg typically divides an image into 8 by 8 pixel blocks. these 64 square pixel matrices, called a search range, enable the aggregate quantization of the image and color data store by the pixels within each of the blocks. advanced jpeg algorithms that use larger search ranges, up to as much as 32 by 32 pixels, called super blocks, enable significantly faster encoding and decoding (up to 40 to 1 compression at about 4mb per second) but demand exponentially more processing power to maintain the same degree of image quality as the smaller pixel block. originally, jpeg was intended to compress only still images. however, video is nothing more than a quick presentation of successive still images. thus, a form of jpeg, known glossary/47 commonly as motion jpeg, is being used to compress motion images, particularly in applications like video editing where it is necessary to access individual frames of video and to scrub forward and backwards through source material. jpeg, mpeg and px64 specifications use a discrete cosine transform (dct), an encoding algorithm that quantifies the human eye`s ability to detect color and image distortion. dct parses color content data thereby enabling the use of a higher pixel depth sampling rate (typically 24 or 32 bits) than non-dct compression techniques. jpeg typically controls 24 bits per rgb pixel, retaining a high quantization of luminance and color resolution.
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Compression, английский
- A state or condition of being pushed or shortened by a force.
- Сжатие
- Сжатие (данных), уменьшение размеров файла изображения. см. также lossy и non-lossy. процесс упаковки данных с целью уменьшения занимаемого ими пространства на накопителе
- Компрессия, сжатие
- The reduction of volume of a vapor or gas by mechanical means.
- Digital video pictures can be compressed with a number of techniques. these include: jpeg and jpeg-2000 (for still images), m-jpeg and mpeg (for moving pictures).
- The reduction in gain at one level of a picture signal with respect to the gain at another level of the same signal.
- A digital photograph creates an image file that is huge, a low-resolution 640x480 image has 307,200 pixels. if each pixel uses 24 bits (3 bytes) for true color, a single image takes up about a megabyte of storage space. to make image files smaller almost every digital camera uses some form of compression. see the jpg entry below.
- The application of any of several techniques that reduce the amount of information required to represent that information in data transmission. this method reduces the required bandwidth and/or memory.
- A method of reducing the size of a digital image file to free up the storage capacity of memory cards and hard drives. compression technologies are distinguished from one another by whether or not they remove detail and color from the image. lossless technologies compress image data without removing detail, while "lossy" technologies compress images by removing some detail. joint photographic experts group (jpeg) is a lossy compression format supported by jpeg, pdf and postscript language file formats. most video formats are also lossy formats. tiff files are not and, as such, are far more stable than jpegs and other lossy file formats.
- Reducing the number of bits needed to encode a digital signal, typically by eliminating long strings of identical bits or bits that do not change in successive sampling intervals (e.g., video frames).
- A digital photograph creates an image file that is enormous. to enable image files to become smaller and more manageable cameras employ some form of compression such as jpeg. raw and tiff files have no compression and take up more space.
- 1. the act of squeezing or pressing the first-aider applied compression to the chest of the casualty. 2. a serious condition in which the brain is compressed by blood or cerebrospinal fluid accumulating in it or by a fractured skull
- Смыкание (губок захватного устройства) cm. соmрutеr-соntrоllеd rоbоt 33. соntinuоus-раth mоtiоn движение робота по полностью программируемой траектории (при котором полная траектория, описываемая рукой манипулятора, программируется на программоноситель во время обучения так, чтобы каждая точка вдоль траектории движения регистрировалась для дальнейшего воспроизведения)
- Сжатие (данных); уплотнение; свертка; компрессия; упаковка
- Жёсткость (стержня) при сжатии; ~ in tension жёсткость (стержня) при растяжении; ~ in
- Продольно-поперечный изгиб, поперечный изгиб со сжатием; ~ and axial tension изгиб с осевым растяжением; ~ in two planes косой изгиб ~ of rebars [of reinforcing bars] гибка арматурных стержней beam ~ изгиб балки
- Сжатие о ~ along the grain сжатие вдоль волокон; ~ beyond
- Сжатое волокно; ~ in
- The intentional reduction in dynamic range to increase sustain and/or add punchiness, caused by a the use of a compressor/limiter.
- A process for removing redundant data from a digital media file or stream to reduce its size or the bandwidth used.
- A reduction of the time available for a scheduled storyboard to reach its final state.
- A way of making files smaller, either to fit into restricted storage space or to speed up transmission over the internet. popular compression standards include- jpeg- and- gif- for pictures,- mp3for music files,- mpeg, mp4, avi- and- mov- for movie footage, and- zip- for just about everything else.
Technology, английский
- The use of tools and knowledge to meet human needs.
- Техника; технология
- Техника (означает все знания или неотъемлемую часть знаний о: научных принципах или открытиях; промышленных процессах; материальных и энергетических ресурсах; средствах транспорта и связи, постольку, поскольку эти знания непосредственно касаются развития производства товаров или сферы услуг; документы юнеско)
- N технология speech recognition ~ технология распознава- ния речи3
- Национальный институт стандартов и технологии
- Технология
- The body of knowledge about, and the systematic study of, methods, techniques and hardware applied in the adaptation of the physical environment to man`s needs and wants. the application of scientific knowledge to build or improve the infrastructure of agriculture, industry government and daily life. (technology must not be confused with the very infrastructure it generates). technology has autocatalytic properties. it favores the use of technical devices and processes even in solving social problems, e.g., by using fertilizers to enhance agricultural production rather than a different form of work organization, by using computers for national planning rather than decentralized decision making processes.
- The practical application of knowledge to achieve particular tasks that employs both technical artefacts (hardware, equipment) and (social) information (‘software’, know-how for production and use of artefacts). supply push aims at developing specifi c technologies through support for research, development and demonstration. demand pull is the practice of creating market and other incentives to induce the introduction of particular sets of technologies (e.g., low-carbon technologies through carbon pricing) or single technologies (e.g., through technology-specifi c feed-in tariffs).
Restoration, английский
- The process of partially or fully reconstructing a missing tooth or teeth, i.e. crown, bridge, denture.
- Восстановление
- Восстановление объекта
- Восстановление, реставрация
Compressed, английский
- Сжат; уплотнен
- A sound, recorded track, or mix where the dynamics are restricted or narrowed.
Symmetrical, английский
Симметричный
Asymmetrical, английский
Decompress, английский
- Разворачивать; распаковывать; декомпрессировать
- To restore the contents of a compressed file to its original form.
Decompression, английский
- Декомпрессия, возвращение сжатых файлов к прежнему размеру.
- Декомпрессия
- The process by which the full data content of a compressed file is restored.
- Process by which the full data content of a compressed file is restored.
- 1. reduction of pressure 2. a controlled reduction of atmospheric pressure which occurs as a diver returns to the surface
- Распаковка; разуплотнение
- Декомпрессия; постепенное снижение давления
- The process of reversing the procedure that is run by compression software. during decompression, the compressed data returns to its original file size and format so it can be accessed or played.
- Снятие давления, разгрузка га
Independent, английский
- One who logs and sells his output on the open market; not associated with a mill or under company or dealer contract (19).
- Независимый; автономный
- Независимый, автономный
- Независимый, самостоятельный; рантье (лицо, живущее на доходы от капитала)
- Независимый
- A независимый
- A merchant ship under naval control, but sailing alone and unescorted by any warship.
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Jpeg system highlights, английский
Used to encode still images. it compresses about 20 to 1 ratio before visible image degradation occurs. compression ratios exceeding 100 to 1 attainable but image degrades excessively. at very low compression ratios of 5 to 1 maximum jpeg maintains absolute resolution. it excludes audio compression. symmetrical (compresses at same rate as it decompresses,) uses the same hardware to encode and decode. it compresses redundant data occurring within each frame (intraframe). compresses comparatively slow, depending on computer speed, about 1 to 3 seconds for a 1 mbyte image. decompresses a full sized image in .5 to 1 second or reduced sized image in real time. it has good quality at maximum compression.
Java platform, английский
The java virtual machine and the java core classes make up the . the provides a uniform programming interface to a 100 percent pure java program regardless of the underlying operating system. when implemented on a particular operating system, the is said to be java compatible if it passes the java compatibility kit suite of tests
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