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Articles of war
| Глоссарий морских терминов (рангоут, такелаж, устройство судна) |
- Regulations governing the military and naval forces of uk and usa; read to every ship`s company on commissioning and at specified intervals during the commission.
- A code of rules and orders based on the act of parliament for the regulation and government of her majesty`s ships, vessels, and forces by sea: and as they are frequently read to all hands, no individual can plead ignorance of them. it is now termed the new naval code.—the articles of war for the land forces have a similar foundation and relation to their service; the act in this case, however, is passed annually, the army itself having, in law, no more than one year`s permanence unless so periodically renewed by act of parliament.
- In 1653, the british admiralty issued a disciplinary code entitled articles of war, intended to standardize shipboard punishment, which had previously been largely at the discretion of individual captains. these were incorporated in the naval discipline act of 1661, and amended by acts of parliament in 1749 and 1757. thirty-five articles defined what constituted a crime on naval vessels, and prescribed the appropriate punishment, which was death in about one-third of the cases. they fall into seven principal categories, covering a wide range of activities (not all of which are listed): 1. offenses against god and religion (blasphemy, observance of faith). 2. offenses against crown or government (arson, desertion, disobedience, espionage, mutiny, treason). 3. offenses against humanity (fighting, murder, quarrelling, sodomy, theft). 4. conditions of service (treatment of prisoners and prizes, carriage of merchandise, complaints about victuals, waste of ammunition). 5. failure of responsibility (errors, incompetence, infractions of duty). 6. actions in combat (cowardice, lack of initiative, indecision). 7. a “catch-all” clause, known colloquially as “the captain’s cloak,” gave considerable scope to local discretion, saying: all other crimes not capital committed by any person or persons in the fleet, which are not mentioned in this act, or for which no punishment is hereby directed to be inflicted, shall be punished by the laws and customs in such cases used at sea. the articles were treated with the gravity of holy writ, being read publicly at the commissioning of new warships, and to the entire ship’s company at timely intervals, usually by the captain when church was rigged on a sunday. they were amended many times, and remained in effect after the consolidation of britain’s armed forces in 1971. in 2004 they were changed to reflect european union human rights requirements, and in 2005 they were consolidated under the army, air force and naval discipline (continuation) order. comparable regulations for the united armed 28 states navy, called articles for the government of the navy, were superseded by the uniform code of military justice in 1951.
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Article, английский
- Пункт; предмет; статья
- Изделие
- N артикль classifying ~ классифицирующий артикль definite ~ определённый артикль (“the ”; ант. indefinite ~) function of the ~ функция артикля: aspect ~ ~ аспектная individual generalizing ~ ~ индивидуально- генерализующая individualizing ~ ~ индивидуализирующая qualifying ~ ~ квалификативная totalizing ~ ~ стягивающая generalizing ~ генерализирующий (абстрак- тизирующий) артикль generic ~ (классово-)обобщающий артикль indefinite ~ неопределённый артикль (“a/an ”; ант. definite ~) numeric ~ артикль в числовой функции specifying ~ конкретизирующий артикль zero ~ нулевой артикль
- A component in a publication. for example, a table, a column, or a row.
- A message that appears in a newsgroup, public folder, or other forum, such as facebook or twitter, accessible by a number of individuals.
- A single instance of content that is displayed in the knowledgebase section of your support portal.
- A text-based piece of content in the knowledge base.
- Each human right is referred to as a separate article in the human rights act 1998, for example, article 2: right to life. these articles come from the european convention on human rights.
Article 22, английский
Military hospital ships, that is to say, ships built or equipped by the powers specially and solely with a view to assisting the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, to treating them and to transporting them, may in no circumstances be attacked or captured, but shall at all times be respected and protected, on condition that their names and descriptions have been notified to the parties to the conflict ten days before those ships are employed. the characteristics which must appear in the notification shall include registered gross tonnage, the length from stem to stern and the number of masts and funnels.
Article 43, английский
The ships ... shall be distinctively
Article claim, английский
Формула изобретения на изделие
Article continueing onto pa, английский
Article directories, английский
Article of faith, английский
Article of manufacture, английский
Изделие (продукт производства в отличие от природных продуктов)
Article of patent law, английский
Статья патентного закона 12 l52. artistic work художественное произведение (предмет изобразительного искусства, отличающийся особым эмоционально воздействующим сочетанием линий, форм и красок, который подлежит защите авторским правом) |53. as claimed in claim i по п. 1
Article of the patent law, английский
Статья патентного закона
Article spinning, английский
Article vi of the gatt 1994 permits the imposition of anti- dumping duties against dumped goods equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing, английский
Country антидемпинговые меры статья vi гатт позволяет применение антидемпинговых пошлин в отношении товаров, реализуемых по демпинговым ценам эта пошлина исчисляется как разница между их экспортными и нормальными ценами, если демпинг наносит ущерб производителям конкурирующих продуктов в стране импорта
Article xvii of the gatt 1994 provision deals with state trading enterprises and their operations, английский
Государственные торговые предприятия государственные и негосударственные предприятия, включая маркетинговые структуры, которые имеют отношение к товарам, предназначенным для экспорта или импорта их деятельность подпадает под положения статьи xvii гатт
Article; product; piece of work, английский
Articled clerk, английский
Клерк – стажер конторы адвоката, который работает без зарплаты в порядке компенсации за подготовку в области права
Articles, английский
- The express stipulations to which seamen bind themselves by signature, on joining a merchant ship.
- [1] the employment contract between a merchantman’s master and its crew, specifying rates of pay, hours of work, scale of rations, etc. [2] formerly, an agreement between members of a pirate ships’ company, outlining the terms and conditions of service, including the election or deposition of officers, rules for handling the ship, terms of engagement in combat, division of booty, compensation for injuries, punishment of crimes, and the like. piratical articles were almost invariably far more democratic than would have been found in contemporary civil or military society. [3] articles of war.
Articles of agreement, английский
The document containing all particulars relating to the terms of agreement between the master of the vessel and the crew. sometimes called ship`s articles, shipping articles.
Articles of association, английский
Устав компании
Articles of confederation, английский
A document, adopted by the continental congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the new united states.
Articles of faith, английский
Articles of food, английский
Regulations, английский
Инструкция
Commissioning, английский
- Ввод в эксплуатацию
- Пусковая наладка (пуско- наладочные работы, завершаемые сдачей, установки или системы в эксплуатацию)
- Ввод в действие или в эксплуатацию
- Пуск
Commission, английский
- Комиссионные - вознаграждение, которое клиент должен заплатить брокеру при открытии и закрытии позиций по различным финансовым активам (акции, фьючерсы, опционы);
- Комиссия смт combustion горение, сгорание; воспламенение смт command module technician техник по командному модулю [модульному отсеку экипажа] кла смт corrected mean temperature исправленная средняя температура смтм communications and telemetry связь и телеметрия смто бр chief mechanical transport officer начальник транспортной службы
- To formally place (a naval vessel) into active service, after which the vessel is said to be in commission. sometimes used less formally to mean placing a commercial ship into service.
- Комиссия
- The authority by which an officer officiates in his post. also, an allowance paid to agents or factors for transacting the business of others.
- [1] to place a warship on active service. [2] the period during which a warship is assigned to specific duties. [3] a document conferring officer rank on an individual (excluding warrant, petty, and other non-commissioned officers). [4] a percentage of the selling price paid to a salesperson as payment for making the transaction. [5] a fee charged by a broker or agent for service in facilitating a business deal. [6] an official investigative body. [7] to contract for the production of something (e.g., a work of art).
- Ввести в эксплуатацию (напр., очистное сооружение)
- The amount, usually a percentage of the sales amount, paid to the salesperson making the sale.
- The fee paid to a broker to execute a trade, based on number of shares, bonds, options, and/or their dollar value. in 1975, deregulation led to the establishment of discount brokers, who charge lower commissions than full service brokers. full service brokers offer advice and usually have a staff of analysts who follow specific industries. discount brokers simply execute a client`s order and usually do not offer an opinion on a stock. also known as a round-turn. commissions are known as round-turn only in futures trading, since the commission is assessed only after liquidation of the position.
- Патент, выдаваемый мировому судье при назначении его на должность
- Комиссионные
- Real estate commission is generally 5-6% of the home’s sale price. that commission is usually split between the buyer’s and seller’s agents and is paid by the seller at the time of closing.
- The compensation paid to a licensed real estate broker or by the broker to the salesman for services rendered. usually a percentage of the selling price of the property.
Parliament, английский
England’s chief lawmaking body.
Regulation, английский
- A rule or order prescribed for management or government
- Регулирование
- Регулирование, правило, постановление
- Any rule prescribing permitted or forbidden conduct, whether established by legislation or the action of an administrative agency; also
- The act of regulating the regulation of the body’s temperature
- Any systematic (rule-like or determinate) behavior of one part of a system that tends to restrict the fluctuations in behavior of another part of that system. while both parts must lie in the same feedback loop, regulation involves this basic asymmetry
- The process whereby the designated government authority provides oversight and establishes rules for firms in an industry. regulation places constraints on behavior, establishes good (or bad) incentives, and addresses issues that are politically contentious. decisions are implemented through a rule or order issued by an executive authority or regulatory agency of a government and having the force of law.
- Норма
- A rule or order issued by governmental executive authorities or regulatory agencies and having the force of law. regulations implement policies and are mostly specifi c for particular groups of people, legal entities or targeted activities. regulation is also the act of designing and imposing rules or orders. informational, transactional, administrative and political constraints in practice limit the regulator’s capability for implementing preferred policies.
- The order in which trains are run in practice so as to minimise delay
Government, английский
- N управление ~ and binding (theory) управление и связыва- ние (концепция )
- Generally means the constitution of our country as exercised under the legislature of king or queen, lords, and commons.
- The acts, rules, procedures, instruments of power and institutions by which the citizens of a country (or more generally the parts of a system) communicate with (->communication) and exert control upon each other so that the country as a whole maintains its unity and is directed toward ends chosen from within that country (->self-organization, ->autonomy). its opposite is laissez faire. in the reality of politics, government is rarely uniformly distributed and constituted (->constitution) instead in a ruling elite, exercising institutional control over those governed. this unequal distribution of government is particularly prevalent in technical realisations. e.g., the governor of a steam engine, computer control of a production process. in biology, such control hierachies (->hierarchy) rarely exist which suggest that they may be an outgrowth of rational constuctions not a fact of nature. qeafh
- An app category that facilitates engagement with government or politics.
Frequently, английский
Frecuentemente
Individual, английский
Физическое лицо
Foundation, английский
- The soil, subsoil or rock upon which a structure is supported.
- The supporting portion of a structure below the first floor construction, or below grade, including the footings.
- Основание; фундамент; база
- Основание
- See base rock 1 and
- The base and/or the underlying support, either natural or artificial, on which a building, dam, or other structure is constructed.
- Нагрузка на фундамент; ~ оп the member нагрузка, действующая на элемент конструкции; ~ per
- Основание; фундамент о ~
- Part of a construction work including piles and possibly their pile cap
- Фонд, пожертвованный на культурные начинания учреждение или организация, существующие на пожертвованный фонд
Permanence, английский
Of an adhesive bond, the bond’s resistance against deteriorating influences.
Standardize, английский
To transform into standard units.
Punishment, английский
- The execution of the sentence against an offender, as awarded by a court-martial, or adjudged by a superior officer.
- Rules of conduct and penalties for flouting them are essential to all forms of society, especially so in ships at sea, which were historically independent of land-based authority, giving ship captains unfettered power over their crews. the earliest extant english-language laws and punishments are the ordinances or usages of the sea promulgated in 1190 by richard lionheart (who himself spoke little or no english) for the english crusader fleet. in part, these stated: he who kills a man on shipboard, shall be bound to
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Aye, aye /?a? ?a?/, английский
Reply to an order or command to indicate that it, firstly, is heard; and, secondly, is understood and will be carried out. ("aye, aye, sir" to officers). also the proper reply from a hailed boat, to indicate that an officer is on board.
Gash fanny, английский
Refuse container or dustbin.
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