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Mens
| Глоссарий по спектроскопии |
Multiple enhanced nonparametric spectroscopy
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Nonparametric, английский
A procedure is nonparametric if it does not rely upon "simple" parametric forms in the data, such as a gaussian, poisson, or binomial distributions. typically, a nonparametric distribution relies upon the data to form the distribution, and derives its properties from the way the data was sampled (selected) and the way in which it is manipulated (e.g., randomization tests, classification trees). this makes the procedure more robust, but less efficient when a parametric distribution is reasonable. for example, a tree-based classifier can outperform a logistic regression when the data are not linear, but will be less effective when the data do meet the linearity assumptions of a logistic regression. note that nonparametric procedures essentially treat the data as the distribution, so that the base distribution involved is the observed data distribution, which is a form of a tabular distribution. these procedures are sometimes called "distribution free," again meaning "doesn`t use a simple parametric form," rather than "doesn`t have any distribution." see also: parametric distribution. non-terminal symbol a symbol in a grammar that can be rewritten into further symbols when processing a statement. see also: production, terminal symbol. non-von a family of massively parallel computer architectures developed at columbia university in the mid-1980s. the systems are characterized by a special form of "active memory", consisting of many elements each with a small amount of local memory, a specialized cpu, and i/o switches that permit the machine to be dynamically reconfigured.
Spectroscopy, английский
- Methods where the interaction of light with matter is utilized
- Спектроскопия ко к данному компоненту пробы, а не к каким-либо другим присутствующим ингредиентам.
- Спектроскопия. раздел физики, посвященный изучению спектров. менее распространенный термин спектрометрия может относиться к методам их количественного измерения, а термин спектрография относится к методам, в которых используется фоторегистрация и другие виды записи. применение спектроскопических методов в области аналитической химии получило название спектрального химического анализа. все эти методы основаны на взаимодействии электромагнитного излучения с веществом и обнаружении квантов энергии, испускаемых или поглощаемых при переходе вещества из одного энергетического состояния в другое. эмиссионная спектроскопия изучает спектры, образующиеся при дисперсии излучения, испускаемого возбуждаемым источником, абсорбционная спектроскопия — спектры, образующиеся , при поглощении (при определенных длинах волн) энергии излучения, испускаемого непрерывно действующим источником. для изучения спектральных линий атомов при- 9* 131
- The identification of materials by the analysis of their spectra.
- Spectrophotometry or spectroradiometry in which the spectrum, rather than being analyzed only by a processing unit, is presented as a digital signal for computer analysis or in a visible form to the operator for organoleptic examination.
- Spectrophotometry or spectroradiometry in which the spectrum, rather than being analyzed only by a processing unit, is presented in a visible form to the operator for organoleptic examination.
- The study of how radiant energy and a medium interact with respect to wavelength or frequency. see also polychromator spectrometer; spectrofluorometer; spectrophotometer; spectroradiometer.
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Meps, английский
Multiple enhanced parametric spectroscopy
Meiss, английский
Medium energy ion scattering spectroscopy
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