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Regression, linear regression
| Glossary of Statistical Terms |
Linear regression fits a line to a scatterplot in such a way as to minimize the sum of the squares of the residuals. the resulting regression line, together with the standard deviations of the two variables or their correlation coefficient, can be a reasonable summary of a scatterplot if the scatterplot is roughly football-shaped. in other cases, it is a poor summary. if we are regressing the variable y on the variable x, and if y is plotted on the vertical axis and x is plotted on the horizontal axis, the regression line passes through the point of averages, and has slope equal to the correlation coefficient times the sd of y divided by the sd of x. this page shows a scatterplot, with a button to plot the regression line.
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Regression, английский
- Statistical technique used to evaluate relationships among variables (22).
- Регрессия
- 1. a stage where symptoms of a disease are disappearing and the person is getting better 2. (in psychiatry) the process of returning to a mental state which existed when the person was younger
- Regression commonly refers to the process of developing an empirical (data-driven) model to predict and/or explain one or more attributes in a database or set of data. it is most frequently associated with the simple linear model (y=mx+b) taught in most introductory statistics courses; the same ideas have been extended in many directions, including classification problems. when the emphasis is on hypothesis testing and simple models, the regression output is typically a few parameters that provide a direct linkage from the input variables to the predicted variables (or classification). in other situations the emphasis is on explaining as much of the variability in the output variables as is "reasonable" from the input variables. in this case, there are a number of "advanced" techniques, such as smoothing splines, decision trees, neural nets, and so forth, for which there are many "free" parameters. the meaning of any one of these parameters can be obscure. many data mining techniques are, at their core, variations on well-known regression techniques. see also: classification, clustering, decision trees, neural nets.
- The reappearance of a previously fixed problem.
- The statistical process of predicting one or more continuous variables, such as profit or loss, based on other attributes in the dataset.
- A mathematical technique used to explain and/or predict. the general form is y = a + bx + u, where y is the variable that we are trying to predict; x is the variable that we are using to predict y, a is the intercept; b is the slope, and u is the regression residual. the a and b are chosen in a way to minimize the squared sum of the residuals. the ability to fit or explain is measured by the r-square.
- A seaward retreat of a shoreline, generally expressed as a seaward
Scatterplot, английский
A scatterplot is a way to visualize bivariate data. a scatterplot is a plot of pairs of measurements on a collection of "individuals" (which need not be people). for example, suppose we record the heights and weights of a group of 100 people. the scatterplot of those data would be 100 points. each point represents one person`s height and weight. in a scatterplot of weight against height, the x-coordinate of each point would be height of one person, the y-coordinate of that point would be the weight of the same person. in a scatterplot of height against weight, the x-coordinates would be the weights and the y-coordinates would be the heights.
Correlation, английский
- A measure of linear association between two (ordered) lists. two variables can be strongly correlated without having any causal relationship, and two variables can have a causal relationship and yet be uncorrelated.
- Соотношение; корреляция
- N корреляция, соответ- ствие regular ~s закономерные соответствия
- Корреляция
- Correlation is a statistical measure of the association between two attributes or types of events. it typically ranges from -1 to 1, with a -1 indicating a complete negative association (e.g., if one type of event occurs the other cannot), and a +1 indicating a complete posipage 66 tive association. for continuous attributes, the pearson correlation coefficient is computed as the ratio of the covariance between two attributes to the product of the attributes` standard errors. see also: covariance.
- To correlate, in a stratigraphic sense, is to show correspondence in character and in stratigraphic position between geographically separated stratigraphic sections or rock bodies. there are different kinds of correlation depending on the feature or property to be emphasized (see section 3.a.9 and lithocorrelation, biocorrelation, and chronocorrelation). coset. a sedimentary unit made up o f two or more sets, either o f strata or o f cross-strata, separated from other strata or cross-strata by original flat surfaces o f erosion, nondeposition, or abrupt change in character (mckee and weir, 1953, p. 384).
- Creating relationships between an email activity and other records by using the information from email headers.
- Statistical measure of the degree to which the movements of two variables (stock/option/convertible prices or returns) are related. see: correlation coefficient.
- The extent to which a relationship exists between two or more elements. often used in seo research to infer relationships of variables on search rankings due to the black box nature of algorithms. always remember, however, that correlation ≠ causation.
- A standardised measure, bounded between −1 and +1, of the strength of association between two variables.
Coefficient, английский
- Coefficient
- Коэффициент; множитель; параметр, индекс о ~ for nose
Reasonable, английский
Razonable
Horizontal, английский
- Горизонталь; горизонтальный
- Горизонталь; горизонтальный 287
- At right angles to the direction of gravity; on the level; parallel to the horizon; neither vertical nor inclined.
- A direction parallel to the horizon, or what is commonly termed lying flat. one of the greatest inconveniences navigators have to struggle with is the frequent want of a distinct sight of the horizon. to obviate this a horizontal spinning speculum was adopted by mr. lerson, who was lost in the victory man-of-war, in which ship he was sent out to make trial of his instrument. this was afterwards improved by smeaton, and consists of a well-polished metal speculum about 3-1/2 inches in diameter, inclosed within a circular rim of brass, so fitted that the centre of gravity of the whole shall fall near the point on which it spins. this is the end of a steel axis running through the centre of the speculum, above which it finishes in a square for the convenience of fitting a
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Real number, английский
- Loosely speaking, the real numbers are all numbers that can be represented as fractions (rational numbers), whether proper or improper—and all numbers in between the rational numbers. that is, the real numbers comprise the rational numbers and all limits of cauchy sequences of rational numbers, where the cauchy sequence is with respect to the absolute value metric. (more formally, the real numbers are the completion of the set of rational numbers in the topology induced by the absolute value function.) the real numbers contain all integers, all fractions, and all irrational (and transcendental) numbers, such as π, e, and 2½. there are uncountably many real numbers between 0 and 1; in contrast, there are only countably many rational numbers between 0 and 1.
- A data type, in a programming language such as pascal, that is used for storing, to some limit of precision, values that include both integer and fractional parts.
Principle of insufficient reason (laplace), английский
Laplace`s principle of insufficient reason says that if there is no reason to believe that the possible outcomes of an experiment are not equally likely, one should assume that the outcomes are equally likely. this is an example of a fallacy called appeal to ignorance.
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