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Federalism
Глоссарий по истории гражданской войны в США (английский) |
A system of government where power is shared among the central (or federal) government and the states. (pp. 234, 245)
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Government, английский
- N управление ~ and binding (theory) управление и связыва- ние (концепция )
- Generally means the constitution of our country as exercised under the legislature of king or queen, lords, and commons.
- The acts, rules, procedures, instruments of power and institutions by which the citizens of a country (or more generally the parts of a system) communicate with (->communication) and exert control upon each other so that the country as a whole maintains its unity and is directed toward ends chosen from within that country (->self-organization, ->autonomy). its opposite is laissez faire. in the reality of politics, government is rarely uniformly distributed and constituted (->constitution) instead in a ruling elite, exercising institutional control over those governed. this unequal distribution of government is particularly prevalent in technical realisations. e.g., the governor of a steam engine, computer control of a production process. in biology, such control hierachies (->hierarchy) rarely exist which suggest that they may be an outgrowth of rational constuctions not a fact of nature. qeafh
- An app category that facilitates engagement with government or politics.
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Naturalization, английский
A way to give full citizenship to a person born in another country. (pp. 253, 270)
Bounty, английский
- A reward or cash payment given by a government. (pp. 271, 508)
- A sum of money given by government, authorized by act of parliament or royal proclamation, to men who voluntarily enter into the army or navy; and the widow of such volunteer seaman killed or drowned in the service was entitled to a bounty equal to a year`s pay.
- [1] a premium or reward offered by a government for specific actions. [2] an incentive to enlistment. [3] a death benefit paid to widows of seamen.
- Вознаграждение, выдаваемое властями за выполнение полезного обществу задания: уничтожение хищников, выращивание полезных злаков и проч. денежное пособие при добровольном поступлении на военную службу
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