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Campaign
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- Campagne
- A series of connected operations by an army in the field, unbroken by its retiring into quarters.
- A marketing program designed to accomplish a specific result, such as introducing a new product or increasing market share. the main way to accomplish this result is through communicating the benefits of a product or service to people and businesses. campaigns often include more than one communication method, such as print advertisements, promotional discounts, and direct mail.
- A planned set of activities developed by an organization to meet the objective of increasing market shared over a distinct time period.
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Campaign, английский
Campagne, французский
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Operations, английский
- Research, incorporated фирма «оперейшнз ресерч ивкорпо- рейтед»
- Field movements, whether offensive or defensive.
- Операционный отдел (в инвестиционном банке)
Accomplish, английский
Increasing, английский
Communication, английский
- Связь; связной
- (кан.) решение экспертизы
- N коммуни- кация; процесс передачи информации; mis~ недопонимание, непонимание | attr. комму- никативный disorder, impairment, strategy cross-cultural (intercultural) ~ межкультурная коммуникация non-verbal ~ невербальная, неречевая комму- никация verbal ~ вербальная, речевая коммуникация
- Передача (распространение) информации процесс информирования населения.
- Corresponding by letter, hail, or signal. (see line of communication and boyaux.)
- Loosely, the transmission of structure across systems differentiated in time and in space, the process by which one mind affects another, interaction mediated by signals, symbols or messages. more formally and in cybernetics, communication is that construct an observer requires when he cannot take a dynamic system apart without loss (->ana~ysis), yet wants to distinguish, understand and say something about that system`s parts, variables or members, or alternatively, when he wants to explain the behavior of anyone of its parts yet cannot accomplish this adequately without reference to other parts of the system. communication ~s what integrates and distinguishes the participation of individuals in such wholes as groups, communities, societies. a more detailed analysis of communication processes reveals that they involve patterns that convey information, are subjected to numerous constraints and are describable in terms of transformations, including encoding, decoding, (->coding), transmission, and distortions due to the characteristics of a channel. historically, communication. was thought of as a binary relation between a sender and a receiver. modern conceptions of communication include complex networks possibly with feedback loops having the effect of memory, coordination, and coorientation and exhibiting dynamic properties not manifest in, and explainable by, reference to the properties of the.communicators involved (->constructivism). communications (plural
Activities, английский
Виды деятельности (в снс; отрасли производства товаров, реализуемых на рынке, и услуг, оказываемых в товарной форме; государственные учреждения — производители услуг; частные некоммерческие организации — производители услуг; услуги, оказываемые одними домашними хозяйствами другим, например, наем прислуги); сферы деятельности (в см.п)
Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
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Carbide, английский
- Carbure
- A particularly hard metal compound that holds a sharp edge for long periods of time. there are various standards of carbide in different strengths.
- Either the carbide compound of tungsten or the bit-crown matrices and shaped pieces formed by the pressure-molding and sintering of a mixture of powdered tungsten carbide and other binder metals, such as cobalt, copper, iron, and nickel. see cemented carbide, sintered carbide.
- A term commonly used as a synonym for calcium carbide.
- Карбид
Calorific value, английский
- Pouvoir calorifique
- Теплотворная способность
- The amount of heat liberated by the combustion of a unit weight (or if a gas, a unit volume) of fuel. calorifier (brit.) a storage vessel, not open to the atmosphere, in which a supply of water is heated. pointed tongue-shaped elements all pointing in the same direction or toward a common center when around an arch.
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