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Inmarsat
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- International maritime satellite service
- International maritime satellite (organization)
- International maritime satellite system.
- International convention on the international maritime satellite organization
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International maritime satellite service, английский
- Международная организация морской спутниковой связи инмарсат
- Inmarsat
International maritime satellite, английский
One exclusively dedicated to worldwide maritime support in such areas as distress, medical, weather, and navigation. international naval co-operation: much of the work that navies do can be thought of as constabulary. together with miscellaneous law enforcement agencies, they try to fight piracy, terrorism, weapons proliferation, the drugs trade, smuggling, human trafficking, illegal immigration, organized crime, and other forms of illicit commerce and maritime mayhem. however, international co-operation in these matters is patchy, and frequently obstructed by bureaucracies, judicial issues and political in-fighting.moreover, language and cultural differences hinder co-operation, while concerns about national sovereignty often make outside help appear threatening to some governments. for example, when naval co-operation is initiated by powers such as the united states or european union it may be construed as an attempt to impose the proposer’s agenda. organized criminals, terrorists, smugglers, and pirates have become adept at exploiting these cracks between nations and navies. hence the need for a transnational co-operative network of navies, coastguards, shipping interests, and law enforcement agencies. an ambitious concept of persuading all naval nations to collaborate in countering global maritime threats was originally called the “thousand ship navy,” but this imaginative and evocative name has been replaced by the more mundane global maritime partnership. at 163 international time of writing (2008) world-wide maritime co-operation remains conceptual and only local and regional examples exist: • operation active endeavour, is an initiative of the north atlantic treaty organization that conducts maritime constabulary work in the mediterranean in collaboration with non–nato countries as disparate as egypt, morocco, portugal, russia, tunisia, and ukraine. it is one of a number of nato responses to the september 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the world trade center in new york city. • nato, led by the united states, wants to expand active endeavour into the black sea, but would require exemption from the montreux convention. to preempt this turkey has made the following cooperative and unilateral initiatives. ? the black sea naval task force, was set up in 2001. this turkish-led squadron, which comprises all six riparian states—turkey, russia, bulgaria, georgia, romania and ukraine—aims at preventing the illicit trafficking of humans, heroin from afghanistan, and weapons (from small arms to instruments of mass destruction.) ? three years later turkey (whose navy is bigger than the other five combined) unilaterally launched operation black sea harmony to patrol its own black sea coast. recently, ankara invited other littoral countries to join this security initiative. • the caspian sea naval co-operation task force is intended to consist of warships from the littoral states of iran, russia, azerbaijan, kazakhstan and turkmenistan. russia promotes this force as the most effective way to counter terrorism, and trafficking in arms, narcotics and weapons of mass destruction. no doubt there is also a hidden wish to keep the united states and nato out of the landlocked sea. iran is lukewarm—abbas maleki, chief of the international institute for caspian studies in tehran, warns it will be “necessary to determine the legal status of the caspian sea before successfully implementing the casfor project.” • on the other side of the world, united states pacific command has sponsored a communications network that links the various navies of the region in an effort to spread effective methods of policing the seas and make co-operation easier. • china is cultivating naval co-operation with bangladesh and burma (myanmar) to gain access to the bay of bengal, and is strengthening its military ties with sri lanka, including the development of port and bunker facilities in that island nation. • in the strait of malacca, indonesia, malaysia and singapore have created a highly successful maritime network to counter piracy and terrorist movements. • in the indian ocean, india initiated the milan naval forum in 1995. • in the southern hemisphere there are various cooperative naval agreements between south american nations and between them and south africa. international organization for standardization: the proper and self-explanatory name of the world’s largest developer and publisher of international standards, more commonly known as the international standards organization. with a central secretariat in geneva, switzerland, the iso is a non-governmental organization that bridges the public and private sectors of 157 countries. international regulations for preventing collisions
Международный морской спутник, русский
Международная организация морской спутниковой связи инмарсат, русский
Инмарсат, русский
- Международная организация морской спутниковой связи /24/
- Международная организация морской спутниковой связи
- , см. международная организация морской спутниковой связи.
International maritime satellite (organization), английский
International convention on the international maritime satellite organization, английский
Конвенция о международной морской спутниковой организации
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International, английский
- Международный
- A интернацио- нальный; pseudo~ псевдоинтернациональный alphabet, language
- Профсоюз, имеющий первичные организации более чем в одной стране int – ist
Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
Convention, английский
- A соглашение notation ~ соглашение относительно спосо- бов обозначения
- An agreement made between hostile troops, for the evacuation of a post, or the suspension of hostilities.
- A regularly occuring behavior of individuals in a given social system to which (a) nearly everyone conforms, (b) nearly everyone expects nearly everyone else to conform, and (c) this expectation gives nearly everyone some reason for wanting deviance, including his own deviance, discouraged (->self-reference).
- A rule that describes how to model a class with the entity framework.
- Any standard that is used more or less universally in a given situation. many conventions are applied to microcomputers. in programming, for example, a language such as c relies on formally accepted symbols and abbreviations that must be used in programs. less formally, programmers usually adopt the convention of indenting subordinate instructions in a routine so that the structure of the program is more easily visualized. national and international committees often discuss and arbitrate conventions for programming languages, data structures, communication standards, and device characteristics.
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International standards organisation, английский
International maritime satellite service, английский
- Международная организация морской спутниковой связи инмарсат
- Inmarsat
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