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Payoff uncertainty
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
A decision-making agent requires a set of valid actions, a set of observable environmental and state variables, and a reward function which specifies the reward or cost of making a decision (choosing an action) under various conditions. if the reward function is unknown or uncertain, the agent faces payoff uncertainty. see also: strategic uncertainty.
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Payoff, английский
- Выигрыш
- See: utility.
- Результат
Payoff diagram, английский
In option pricing, a graph of the value of the option position at expiration as a function of the underlying asset price.
Payoff function, английский
Платежная функция; математическое ожидание выигрыша
Payoff matrix, английский
- A way of representing what each player in a game wins or loses, as a function of his and his opponent`s strategies.
- Платежная матрица
Payoff period, английский
Период выплаты; период амортизационных списаний
Payoff profile, английский
The slope of a line graphed according to the value of an underlying asset on the x-axis and the value of a position taken to hedge against risk exposure on the y-axis. also used with changes in value. see: risk profile.
Payoff statement, английский
Подтверждение погашения кредита
Uncertainty, английский
- Неизвестность. неопределенность.
- Неопределенность. недостоверность. сомнительность. ненадежность.
- Неопредел
- Неопределенность. параметр, связанный с результатом измерения, характеризующий дисперсию значений, которые могут быть обоснованно отнесены к аналиту. таким параметром может быть, например, среднеквадратическое откло-нение (или кратное ему) или ширина доверительного интервала. также: оценка, относящаяся к результату проверки, которая характеризует область значений, внутри которой лежит истинное значение.
- The (average) number of binary decisions a decision maker has to make in order to select one out of a set of mutually exclusive alternatives, a measure of an observer`s ignorance or lack of information (->bit). since the categories within which events are observed are always specified by an observer, the notion of uncertainty emphasises the cognitive dimension of information processes, specifically in the form of measures of variety, statistical entropy including noise and equivocation. 78
- Неопределенность. параметр, связанный с результатом измерения, характеризующий дисперсию значений, которые могут быть обоснованно отнесены к аналиту. таким параметром может быть, например, среднеквадратическое отклонение (или кратное ему) или ширина доверительного интервала. также: оценка, относящаяся к результату проверки, которая характеризует область значений, внутри которой лежит истинное значение.
Uncertainty factor, английский
Mathematical adjustments for reasons of safety when knowledge is incomplete. for example, factors used in the calculation of doses that are not harmful (adverse) to people. these factors are applied to the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (loael) or the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (noael) to derive a minimal risk level (mrl). uncertainty factors are used to account for variations in people`s sensitivity, for differences between animals and humans, and for differences between a loael and a noael. scientists use uncertainty factors when they have some, but not all, the information from animal or human studies to decide whether an exposure will cause harm to people [also sometimes called a safety factor].
Uncertainty of measurement, английский
Parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand (1,4)
Uncertainty principle, английский
A principle in quantum physics, formulated by heisenberg
Uncertainty propagation, английский
Uncertainty propagation refers to the process of updating or revising the uncertainty measures of a set of propositions or attributes due to changes in assumption or information about related propositions or attributes. in some contexts, propagation is separated from revision, where the latter term is used to refer to the mutual change in uncertainty for a set of propositions when new knowledge is introduced into the system.
Uncertainty sampling, английский
A method for selecting cases to train classifiers that produce probabilistic output. after the initial training of a classifier, a series of observations are run through the program, and ranked according to the uncertainty of the predictions. the most uncertain ones are selected, properly classified, and used to train the classifier further. this can be repeated until the classifier performs satisfactorily.
Uncertainty torque, английский
Uncertainty zone, английский
Зона разброса (напр., при позиционировании рабочего органа в заданную координату)
Observable, английский
Which can be seen or measured
Environmental, английский
Окружающий, внешний (о среде, воздействии); связанный с окружающими условиями [средой]
Conditions, английский
- The terms of surrender.
- Обстоятельства; условия; режим
- Грузовая устойчивость ~ of crane during lifting operations грузовая устойчивость крана ~ of geometrical shape геометрическая неизменяемость ~ of slope устойчивость откоса ~ of volume постоянство объёма
- Наблюдения за работой сооружений в условиях эксплуатации
- Работа конструкции в условиях эксплуатационных нагрузок
- A set of specified constraints and parameters that are part of the rights group bundled into a rights label. these are enforced at the time of consumption.
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Event tree, английский
A decision tree without any costs or probabilities or other weights is sometimes referred to as an event tree. it shows the possible paths or options available, without reference to the costs or probabilities of following those paths. (see figure e.1.) see also: decision tree. figure e.1 —
Dependence rule, английский
A dependence rule is a generalization of the concept behind an association rule, used in data mining. association rules are designed to find positive associations between attributes (e.g., people who buy tea also buy coffee with support s and confidence c). however, these rules will not pick up negative associations, such as "people who buy coffee usually do not buy tea." dependency rules use the same binary attributes as association rules but use a statistical measure, the chi-squared statistic, that detects both positive and negative associations. see also: association rules, data mining.
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