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Spurious correlation
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
In data mining and other forms of machine learning, the analysis can produce a number of nonsensical or meaningless associations. these can be referred to as "spurious correlations." they can occur as a artifact of the data source (e.g., people with good credit) or as the result of a hidden association with variable (e.g., good credit with ownership of certain items when both are results of a high income) or simply due to chance. some common strategies to reduce the likelihood of their occurrence would be sub-stratification of the data on meaningful attributes, or split-sample techniques and cross-validation. another approach would be to raise the acceptance criteria to filter out more of the noisy associations. see also: simpson`s paradox. stability-plasticity dilemma a phrase referring to the tradeoff between having a machine learning algorithm that is stable in the presence of noisy inputs (stability) and being sensitive to novel inputs (plasticity).
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Correlate, английский
In logging, to show which logged client-side events caused corresponding server-side events. log data is ofen correlated as it is being consolidated to a database or log file.
Correlated, английский
Correlated color temperature, английский
Correlated data processor, английский
Процессор данных с корреляцией
Correlated errors, английский
Коррелированные ошибки correlated faultsкоррелированные неисправности
Correlated exposure, английский
Exposure to a risk factor, taking into account the impact of correlated risk factors
Correlated orientation tracking and range, английский
(system) радиолокационная система слежения «ko- тар»
Correlated sources, английский
Correlated subquery, английский
A subquery that references a column in the outer statement. the inner query is run for each candidate row in the outer statement.
Correlating -, английский
Корреляционное уравнение
Correlatio, английский
Correlatio [onis, f], латинский
Correlation, английский
- A measure of linear association between two (ordered) lists. two variables can be strongly correlated without having any causal relationship, and two variables can have a causal relationship and yet be uncorrelated.
- Соотношение; корреляция
- N корреляция, соответ- ствие regular ~s закономерные соответствия
- Корреляция
- Correlation is a statistical measure of the association between two attributes or types of events. it typically ranges from -1 to 1, with a -1 indicating a complete negative association (e.g., if one type of event occurs the other cannot), and a +1 indicating a complete posipage 66 tive association. for continuous attributes, the pearson correlation coefficient is computed as the ratio of the covariance between two attributes to the product of the attributes` standard errors. see also: covariance.
- To correlate, in a stratigraphic sense, is to show correspondence in character and in stratigraphic position between geographically separated stratigraphic sections or rock bodies. there are different kinds of correlation depending on the feature or property to be emphasized (see section 3.a.9 and lithocorrelation, biocorrelation, and chronocorrelation). coset. a sedimentary unit made up o f two or more sets, either o f strata or o f cross-strata, separated from other strata or cross-strata by original flat surfaces o f erosion, nondeposition, or abrupt change in character (mckee and weir, 1953, p. 384).
- Creating relationships between an email activity and other records by using the information from email headers.
- Statistical measure of the degree to which the movements of two variables (stock/option/convertible prices or returns) are related. see: correlation coefficient.
- The extent to which a relationship exists between two or more elements. often used in seo research to infer relationships of variables on search rankings due to the black box nature of algorithms. always remember, however, that correlation ≠ causation.
- A standardised measure, bounded between −1 and +1, of the strength of association between two variables.
Correlation analysis, английский
Корреляционный анализ
Correlation attack, английский
Correlation coef. cient, английский
Коэффициент корреляции. число, показывающее степень зависимости между двумя переменными. коэффициенты корреляции лежат в пределах от 0 (корреляция отсутствует) до –1 или +1 (прямолинейная корреляция).
Correlation coefficient, английский
- The correlation coefficient r is a measure of how nearly a scatterplot falls on a straight line. the correlation coefficient is always between −1 and +1. to compute the correlation coefficient of a list of pairs of measurements (x,y), first transform x and y individually into standard units. multiply corresponding elements of the transformed pairs to get a single list of numbers. the correlation coefficient is the mean of that list of products. this page contains a tool that lets you generate bivariate data with any correlation coefficient you want.
- Коэффициент корреляции
- A standardized statistical measure of the dependence of two random variables, defined as the covariance divided by the product of the standard deviations of two variables.
Correlation coefficient, r, английский
A statistic that estimates the degree of association between two variables, such as the measurement result by a test method and the measurement result by a comparison method. a value of 1.000 indicates perfect association, i.e., as one variable increases, the other increases proportionately. a value of 0.000 indicates no correlation, i.e., as one variable changes, the other may or may not change. a value of -1.000 indicates perfect negative correlation, i.e., as one variable increases, the other decreases proportionately. for data from a comparison of methods experiment, the correlation coefficient is often calculated along with regression statistics to assess whether the range of concentrations is wide and, therefore, whether the estimates of the slope and intercept from ordinary regression analysis will be reliable.
Correlation coefficient., английский
The correlation coefficient r is a measure of how nearly a scatterplot falls on a straight line. the correlation coefficient is always between -1 and +1. to compute the correlation coefficient of a list of pairs of measurements (x,y), first transform x an
Correlation cryptanalysis, английский
Correlation detection of data, английский
Meaningless, английский
Бессмысленный; незначащий
Association, английский
- Ассоциация, объединение, союз
- Two variables are associated if some of the variability of one can be accounted for by the other. in a scatterplot of the two variables, if the scatter in the values of the variable plotted on the vertical axis is smaller in narrow ranges of the variable plotted on the horizontal axis (i.e., in vertical "slices") than it is overall, the two variables are associated. the correlation coefficient is a measure of linear association, which is a special case of association in which large values of one variable tend to occur with large values of the other, and small values of one tend to occur with small values of the other (positive association), or in which large values of one tend to occur with small values of the other, and vice versa (negative association).
- N когн. ассоциация1
- Американская ассоциация производителей метизов [скобяных изделий]
- Американская ассоциация специалистов по антисептированию древесины
- Ассоциация (производителей) акустических и теплоизоляционных материалов
- Ассоциация изготовителей архитектурных алюминиевых изделий
- Ассоциация изготовителей конструктивных элементов из фибро- бетона
- Ассоциация изготовителей рулонных кровельных материалов на основе битума
- Ассоциация изготовителей стеклопакетов
- Ассоциация изготовителей строительных материалов и изделий
- Ассоциация изготовителей строительных метизов [крепёжных деталей] впп brinell hardness number твёрдость по бринеллю
- Ассоциация изготовителей теплоизоляционных материалов и изделий
- Ассоциация инженеров по подъёмно-транспортному оборудованию
- Ассоциация по научным исследованиям и технической информации в области строительства
- Ассоциация производителей изделий из ячеистого бетона автоклавного твердения
- Ассоциация производителей просечно-вытяжных металлических изделий
- Ассоциация специалистов по исследованию и совершенствованию деревянных конструкций
- Британская ассоциация (изготовителей) товарного бетона
- Национальная ассоциация (технического персонала) карьеров строительного гранита
- Национальная ассоциация изготовителей деревянных (строительных) изделий оа overall габаритный (размер) о/a on approval на утверждении (о проекте и тд )
- Национальная ассоциация изготовителей дубовых изделий для покрытия пола (сша)
- Национальная ассоциация по сборному железобетону (сша)
- Национальная ассоциация подрядчиков по выполнению теплоизоляционных работ (сша)
- Национальная ассоциация подрядчиков по устройству кровель
- Национальная ассоциация подрядчиков по устройству настилов покрытий зданий (сша)
- Национальная ассоциация поставщиков товарного бетона
- Национальная ассоциация производителей изделий из лесоматериалов nibs 1. national institute of building
- Национальная ассоциация производителей пиломатериалов
- Национальная ассоциация субподрядных организаций по установке оконных и дверных заполнений (сша)
- In psychology, the cognitive connection between two or more concepts or ideas such that the presence of one tends to evoke the others. in sociology, the process by which people become allied to one another and form groups as the result of such alliances. in statistics, the cooccurance of two or more events with a probability above what would be expected by chance. dissociation is the logical complement of the statistical concept of association.
- A relationship between peer objects.
- In performancepoint planning business modeler, the relationship between a source model and a destination model for the purpose of manipulating the arrangement of interpretive data and aggregating the corresponding numerical measurements.
- The definition of a relationship between entity types.
- The link between a collection and a deployment.
- The mapping of a file extension (for example, .mp3) or protocol (for example, http) to a programmatic identifier (progid). this mapping is stored in the registry as a per-user setting with a per-computer fallback. applications that participate in the default programs system set the association mapping for the file extension or protocol to point to the progid keys that they own.
- The state of being totally connected to, or experiencing, an event, mental or external. the opposite is dissociation (sometimes, disassociation), which is being an objective observer.
Likelihood, английский
- Вероятность. правдоподобие.
- Правдоподобие; вероятность
- In probabilistic and statistical methods, the likelihood is a measure of the evidence for the data when a hypothesis is assumed to be true. it is commonly used in bayesian and quasi-bayesian techniques. a related measure, minimum message length, can be derived from information theoretic principles. as an example, suppose you observe a data value x that is assumed to be gaussian. the likelihood for that data when the assumed mean is, say, 5, and the variance is 10, is proportional to e-((x-5)2/2*10), the kernel of a gaussian distribution. a likelihood is typically calculated using the kernel, rather than the complete distribution function, which includes the normalizing constants. see also: minimum message length.
Occurrence, английский
- In insurance terminology, an accident or a continuous exposure to conditions which result in injury or damage, provided the injury or damage is neither expected nor intended. ocher, ochre a naturally occurring yellowbrown hydrated iron oxide; used as a pigment in paint and a filler in linoleum. oct on drawings, abbr. for “octagon.”
- Something that takes place neuralgia is a common occurrence after shingles. ocd ocd abbr obsessive-compulsive disorder
Stratification, английский
- Стратификация процесс или результат разделения выборки на подгруппы в соответствии с определенными критериями.
- Стратификация. разделение исследуемой популяции на страты (категории), которые бывают: 1) исчерпывающими (т.е. все страты вместе включают полную популяцию); 2) частично исчерпывающими; 3) относящимися к исследуемым критериям, по которым все входящие в страту индивидуумы должны быть одинаковы.
- Стратификация, расслоение air ~ расслоение [стратификация] воздуха
- A condition that occurs when the acid concentration varies from top to bottom in the battery electrolyte. periodic, controlled charging at voltages that produce gassing will mix the electrolyte. see also equalization.
Meaningful, английский
- A значимый 1 максима необременения собеседника. 2 максима неприятия похвал в собственный адрес. 3 высказывание должно быть ясным, четким, не содержать непонят- ных для адресата слов и выражений. 4 высказывание должно быть истинным и имеющим под собой основа- ния. 5 высказывание должно содержать не меньше и не больше информа- ции, чем требуется. 6 высказывание должно быть уместным в данной ситуации общения. 7 максима благожелательности. 8 максима границ личной сферы; предполагает различение двух об- ластей в составе каждого коммуникативного акта: области речевых действий и области частных интересов. 9 то, чего мы хотим добиться, совершая речевое действие; в терминах тра: illocutionary force или illocution. 10 то, что мы говорим; в терминах тра: locutionary force или locution. meaningfulness n осмысленность
- Осмысленный; значащий meaningful dataзначащая информация
Validation, английский
- Confirmation that particular requirements for a specific intended use are fulfilled.
- Action or process of proving that a procedure, process, system, equipment, or method used works as expected and achieves the intended results. [clsi]
- Утверждение
- Подтверждение соответствия; проверка
- Валидация. подтверждение путем экспертизы и представления объек-тивного доказательства того, что особые требования, предназначенные для конкрет-ного применения, соблюдены [4]. см. также method validation (валидация метода).
- The process of determining the correctness of a standard as to its technical completeness and lack of ambiguity. (ieee)
- The process in which microsoft tests an app to make sure it meets app requirements.
- The process of comparing files on local volumes with their associated data in secondary storage by remote storage. volumes that are validated ensure that the correct data is recalled from remote storage when a user attempts to open the file from a local volume.
- The process of confirming that data passing into the system is correct and complies with predefined rules, definitions, or parameters.
- Валидация. подтверждение путем экспертизы и представления объективного доказательства того, что особые требования, предназначенные для конкретного применения, соблюдены [4]. см. также method validation (валидация метода).
- Авторизация
Acceptance, английский
- Акцепт:
- Приёмка (работ, материалов) ~ of work приёмка (выполненных) работ
- Contractual agreement instigated when the drawee of a time draft "accepts" the draft by writing the word "accepted" thereon. the drawee assumes responsibility as the acceptor and for payment at maturity. see: letter of credit and banker`s acceptance.
- Акцепт
- An offeree’s consent to enter into a contract and be bound by the terms of the offer.
- In uk railway signalling terms, `acceptance` means the permission given by a signalman for a train to enter the section of line he controls.
Plasticity, английский
- The ability of a metal to be deformed extensively without rupture. plastic deformation is the elongation that occurs that not will be recovered with the removal of the load. pull wire trough the hard die. also used to cool the wire.
- Пластичность
- Property which enables a soil or other material to be deformed
- The ability of a metal to deform non-elastically without rupture.
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Data navigation, английский
In data mining and online analytical processing (olap), the analyst is typically working with many data attributes simultaneously. data navigation tools provide a means to view particular slices (subset of the full attribute set) and subsamples (subsets of the rows) and the means to switch among them. see also: data mining, online analytical processing.
Analytic model, английский
In data mining, a structure and process for analyzing and summarizing a database. some examples would include a classification and regression trees (cart) model to classify new observations, or a regression model to predict new values of one (set of) variable(s) given another set. see also: data mining, knowledge discovery in databases.
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