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Bayes rule
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
The bayes rule, or bayes classifier, is an ideal classifier that can be used when the distribution of the inputs given the classes are known exactly, as are the prior probabilities of the classes themselves. since everything is assumed known, it is a straightforward application of bayes theorem to compute the posterior probabilities of each class. in practice, this ideal state of knowledge is rarely attained, so the bayes rule provides a goal and a basis for comparison for other classifiers. see also: bayes theorem, naive bayes. bayes` theorem bayes theorem is a fundamental theorem in probability theory that allows one to reason about causes based on effects. the theorem shows that if you have a proposition h, and you observe some evidence e, then the probability of h after seeing e should be proportional to your initial probability times the probability of e if h holds. in symbols, p(h|e)?p(e|h)p(h), where p() is a probability, and p(a|b) represents the conditional probability of a when b is known to be true. for multiple outcomes, this becomes bayes` theorem provides a method for updating a system`s knowledge about propositions when new evidence arrives. it is used in many systems, such as bayesian networks, that need to perform belief revision or need to make inferences conditional on partial data. see also: kolmogorov`s axioms, probability.
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Bay, английский
- Г. бей-сити (шт. мичиган, сша)
- Залив
- The fore-part of a ship between decks, before the bitts (see sick-bay). foremost messing-places between decks in ships of war.
- An inlet of the sea formed by the curvature of the land between two capes or headlands, often used synonymously with gulf; though, in strict accuracy, the term should be applied only to those large recesses which are wider from cape to cape than they are deep. exposed to sea-winds, a bay is mostly insecure. a bay is distinguished from a bend, as that a vessel may not be able to fetch out on either tack, and is embayed. a bay has proportionably a wider entrance than either a gulf or haven; a creek has usually a small inlet, and is always much less than a bay.
- Laurel; hence crowned with bays.
- A body of water partially enclosed by land. larger than a cove and smaller than a gulf.
- A chestnut or sorrel horse with black legs and tail brown body with black legs and tail.
- A body color ranging from tan to reddish-brown, with black mane and tail, and usually black on the lower legs.
- Участок прерии, вклинивающийся в лес
- Чек большой площади, австралия 6
Bay, английский
Bay (of a substation), английский
Bay (or parking bay), английский
Name of lot, track, gate or pre-arrive area used for container storage within the terminal yard.
Bay - type building, английский
Bay - type industrial building, английский
Bay area automated mapping assn., английский
Bay area digital georesource, английский
Bay area open space council, английский
Bay area rapid transit district (california), английский
Bay area shared information consortium, английский
Bay area video coalition, английский
Bay boat, английский
A chesapeake bay oyster dredger, usually a bugeye or skipjack.
Bay bottom, английский
The nearly level or slightly undulating central portion of a submerged, low-energy, depositional estuarine embayment characterized by relatively deep water (1.0 to >2.5 m). compare - lagoon bottom. sss
Bay conservation and development commission, английский
Bay leaf, английский
A stylized laurel leaf used in the form of a garland to decorate torus moldings. bayonet holder, bayonet socket a type of lamp holder which provides mechanical support and electric connections for an electric light bulb; esp. used in great britain.
Bay line, английский
A dead end line adjacent to a platform.
Bay of building, английский
Bay of pigs, английский
An area on the southern coast of cuba (bahia de cochinos in spanish) that was the site of a cia inspired counter-revolutionary amphibious assault by cuban emigres against the marxist castro regime. most of the 1,400 invaders were captured or killed.
Bay oil, английский
Bay or part of building, английский
Classifier, английский
- Классификатор
- A superclass that includes class, data type, and interface subclasses. because all classifier subclasses share the same syntax, they are all represented by the same rectangle model element.
Distribution, английский
- Распределение. размещение.
- Распределение - рыночный процесс, при котором крупные рыночные трейдеры в основном продают бумаги мелким трейдерам;
- The distribution of a set of numerical data is how their values are distributed over the real numbers. it is completely characterized by the empirical distribution function. similarly, the probability distribution of a random variable is completely characterized by its probability distribution function. sometimes the word "distribution" is used as a synonym for the empirical distribution function or the probability distribution function. if two or more random variables are defined for the same experiment, they have a joint probability distribution.
- Refers to the spread and shape of a frequency curve of some variable. a histogram is one way to graphically display the distribution of test results by showing the frequency of observations on the y-axis versus the magnitude on the x-axis. the normal or gaussian curve is one form of a distribution.
- Распределение
- Торговля; сфера обращения; распределение
- A way to limit where your usenet postings go. handy for such things as for sale messages or discussions of regional politics.
- The movement of freshly mixed concrete toward the point of placement, either by motorized tools or by hand. distribution-bar reinforcement, distribution
- N дистрибуция complementary ~ дополнительная дистрибу- ция, отношение дополнительности5 contrastive ~ контрастная, контрастирущая дистрибуция non-contrastive ~ неконтрастная, неконтра- стирущая дистрибуция distribution(al)
- Распределение dna (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- Распределение. 1. распределение данных. данные могут иметь определенную форму (вид) распределения, которая зависит от их характеристик. например, рост имеет нормальное распределение (см. normal distribution), а результаты метания игральных костей следуют равномерному (случайному) распределению. 2. распределение (распространение) вещества и его метаболитов в организме после применения препарата. обычно описывается с помощью объема распределения (см. volume of distribution) и свободной фракции.
- Diamond pattern
- A payout of cash or property from a corporation to a shareholder.
- Распределение; размещение; распространение; разводка (труб) ~ of bending stresses over the cross
- Распределение. ранжирование значений переменной от наименьшего до наибольшего и результирующая совокупность характеристик или показателей, выстроенных в виде графика [20]. плотность распределения, например, показывает возможные значения параметра в зависимости от числа появлений каждого значения в выборке или совокупности. во многих случаях это характеризует разброс единич-ных значений выборки или совокупности вокруг среднего значения.
- The delivery of electricity to the retail customer’s home or business through low voltage distribution lines.
- The spatial range of a species, usually on a geographic but sometimes on a smaller scale, or the arrangement or spatial pattern of a species over its habitat. • food resources will lead to this distribution. d. over space: • altitude: species diversity less abundant in higher than lower altitudes. • latitude: ecosystems are more complex in equatorial regions than in higher latitudes (poles) • scale: the greater the sample the better interpretability. • spatial: • aggregated or clump d.: individuals form one or more clumps, attracted to areas with the greatest availability of food or shelter and avoiding less hospitable terrain. • random d.: individual spacing would be determined by chance. • regular or uniform spacing d.: individuals may also be drawn together by some social interaction, such as mating or parental care. in other cases, antagonistic interactions between individuals or scarce d. over time: • habitat: (see there). • succession (see there).
- The transport of low voltage electricity. this connects the transmission network with the majority of electricity consumers. the process is overseen by a distribution network operator. management of distribution is a natural monopoly due to the economies of scale inherent to it. reeep / sustainable energy regulation network – august 2004 - revised september 2010 4
- The set of values of a variable together with the probabilities (->probability) associated with each. a tabulation of the frequencies of tokens by types.
- The process of managing the flow of goods and services from the producer to the customer.
- Распределение. ранжирование значений переменной от наименьшего до наибольшего и результирующая совокупность характеристик или показателей, выстроенных в виде графика [20]. плотность распределения, например, показывает возможные значения параметра в зависимости от числа появлений каждого значения в выборке или совокупности. во многих случаях это характеризует разброс единичных значений выборки или совокупности вокруг среднего значения.
- The act or process of delivering electric energy from convenient points on the transmission system (usually a substation) to consumers.
- Выплата дивидендов
Themselves, английский
Everything, английский
Straightforward, английский
Application, английский
- Оределенный метод передачи данных или протокол, обеспечивающий взаимодействие терминалов в сети.
- Приложение. прикладная программа или команда.
- Применение, использование; подача (напряжения); приложение (усилия); введение в действие; отклонение (рулей)
- Заявка (комплект официальных документов, представляемый заявителем в патентное ведомство для получения охранного документа: патента, регистрации товарного знака или промышленного образца) 10
- Заявка (комплект официальных документов, представляемый заявителем в патентное ведомство для получения охранного документа: патента, свидетельства о регистрации товарного знака или промышленного образца)
- The use of a technology to achieve a specific objective.
- Заявление
- 1. the process of putting a medication or bandage on a body part two applications of the lotion should be made each day. 2. the process of asking officially for something, usually in writing if you are applying for the job, you must fill in an application form.
- A word of extensive use, for the principles of adjusting, augmenting, and perfecting the relations between sciences.
- И infrastructure service provision аренда программных продуктов и инфраструктуры (на основе ежемесячных платежей) с доступом к приложениям через интернет или vpn
- Process ofapplyinga powder coat ing to the workpiece by means of coat ing equipment; can be automated or manual
- A collection of web-based lists, libraries, calendars, and other pages you use to share information and manage an area of your business, such as your projects, documents, and company information.
- A commerce server application is a logical representation of an application in microsoft internet information services (iis); it appears in both commerce server manager and the iis console trees. in the iis console tree an application is either at the root directory level of the web site or at a subdirectory level of the web site.
- A document that records the profile of the applicant.
- A set of instructions that a computer or device uses to perform a specific task, such as word processing, accounting, or data management.
- A web application that consists of a group of tightly related components such as asp.net web pages, wcf web services, and workflows that run in a .net application domain. an application is a unit of deployment, configuration, and management.
- The container for your company’s performancepoint planning business model definitions, predefined and user-defined dimensions, the mappings that connect these business model definitions with your company’s data source, and other performancepoint planning metadata like views, permissions, and process scheduling information.
- A runnable program that provides some service.
- Request for patent protection for an invention filed with the epo or other patent office.
- An initial statement of personal and financial information, which is required to approve your loan.
Comparison, английский
- (логическое) сопоставление a) an ordinary comparison of two objects belonging to the same classes (v.a.k.) she is like her mother. b) weighing two objects belonging to one class of things with the purpose of establishing the degree of the
- Сравнение, сличение
- Сравнение
- N сравнение compensation 30 concept degree of ~ степень сравнения (тж. degree)
- Сравнение; сличение; сопоставление; компарирование
- This is an operation that compares things like if the values in two variables are equal. in processing the equals comparison is done with the double equals: ==. in netlogo it is done with a single equals: =. other comparisons are things like not equal and greater than.
- Short for "comparison ticket," a memorandum between two brokers that confirms the details of a transaction to be carried out.
Fundamental, английский
- A основной; ко- ренной; базисный, главный, существенный frequency fusing a использующий фузию
- The lowest frequency in a complex sound wave.
Probability, английский
- Probability can be generally defined as a measure of how likely some event will occur. the event could be an explosion, a lottery win or perhaps cancer induction. mathematically speaking, the value of probability varies between 0 and 1 where 0 means an ev
- Вероятность. возможность.
- The probability of an event is a number between zero and 100%. the meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability, which differ in their interpretations. however, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.
- Вероятность
- Вероятность probability sample, syn. random sample
- Вероятность. мера случайности появления конкретного события. например, вероятность случайного выбора из популяции человека с конкретным качеством соответствует доле людей в популяции, обладающих этим качеством.
- Вероятность; возможность
- Вероятность; обеспеченность (гидрологической величины) ~ of no-failure вероятность безотказной работы
- Probability is a method for representing uncertainty about propositions or events. it represents the uncertainty about a proposition on a scale from 0 to 1, with a 0 representing complete certainty that the proposition is false or an event will not occur and a value of one will represent the opposite. formally, a probability measure is one that follows kolmogorov`s axioms. there are two main schools of thought on the meaning of probability. frequentists take a narrow interpretation of probability allowing only hypothetically repeatable events or experiments as being quantifiable by probability, while bayesians take a broader interpretation that allows reasoning about "one-shot" events and propositions based on the current knowledge about nature. the bayesian interpretation is most commonly used in artificial intelligence, while the frequentist interpretation is most commonly taught in statistics courses. the label "bayesian" arises from the central role that the bayes theorem plays in this use of probability. it allows one to reason from effects to causes and encourages the use of probability measures to describe supposedly fixed events or propositions which frequentists disallow. the probability for these events reflects one`s state of knowledge about the event, rather than being an assertion that the unknown event can vary. for example, a bayesian would have no qualms about making statements about the probability that a given die, rolled and hidden from his sight is, for example, a six. a frequentist would be unable to make such a statement, preferring to talk about his confidence in the method when applied to a hypothetically large number of repeated experiments. in the end, they would act in similar ways. when the long run data are available, bayesians and frequentists end up with the same estimates. see also: bayes theorem, kolmogorov`s axioms.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления неко-его события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относитель-ная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результа-тов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The likelihood of something happening. for example, sale being made.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления некоего события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относительная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результатов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The relative likelihood of a particular outcome among all possible outcomes.
- Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
Proposition, английский
- N лог., лнгв. сужде- ние, пропозиция3 affirmative ~ утвердительное суждение
- Предложение; суждение; предположение; высказывание; фраза
- Разг. человек, с которым ведутся дела pro – pul
Proportional, английский
- Член пропорции
- A пропорциональный analogy
- Пропорциональный
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Basin of attraction, английский
The basin of attraction b for an attractor a in a (dynamic) state-space s is a region in s that will always bring the system closer to a.
Bernoulli process, английский
The bernoulli process is a simple model for a sequence of events that produce a binary outcome (usually represented by zeros and ones). if the probability of a "one" is constant over the sequence, and the events are independent, then the process is a bernoulli process. see also: binomial distribution, exchangeability, poisson process.
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