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Frame of discernment

Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту
    The set of propositions that are of interest in dempster-shafer theory is referred to as the frame of discernment. this differs from the standard universe that probability theory uses in that a frame of discernment can include sets whose members are not in the frame of discernment. a frame of discernment can be refined by splitting apart its sets and can be coarsened by aggregating them. two frames of discernment are compatible if they are equivalent after a process of refinement and/or coarsening. frame representation language (frl) roberts and goldstein of mit developed the frame representation language (frl) in the late 1970s. the frame templates (classes) are organized into a hierarchy where the relationship between two objects is described as ``a kind of". for example, persons would be a kind of mammal, which in turn might be a kind of mortal. socrates would be an instance of the person class. see also: frames.




Frame, английский
  1. Basic unit of a motion picture, made up of 2 fields or 625 lines (in a pal system).

  2. 1. the main timbers of a structure fitted and joined together.

  3. The mechanical core of a bicycle, the frame provides points of attachment for the various components that make up the machine. the term is variously construed, and can refer to the base section, always including the bottom bracket, or to base frame, fork,

  4. Блок данных фиксированного формата, передаваемый по каналу связи и имеющий в своем составе управляющую информацию, например, адреса и контрольную сумму для обнаружения ошибок. размер и содержание определяется соответствующим протоколом. термины "кадр

  5. A player’s turn at the table, or an entire game

  6. A circus apparatus with limited functions; it is used in aerial acts, mainly in air flight. it is a metal rectangle, half a metre in length and quarter a metre in width, fastened horizontally in the air; one of gymnasts (a catcher) is suspended on it by e

  7. The total area, occupied by the television picture, which is scanned while the picture signal is not blanked.

  8. (see also field). refers to a composition of lines that make one tv frame. in

  9. Рама; шпангоут

  10. Рама; шпангоут; кадр

  11. A transverse structural member which gives the hull strength and shape. wooden frames may be sawn, bent or laminated into shape. planking is then fastened to the frames. a bent frame is called a timber.

  12. One complete tv picture consisting of two sequential interlaced scanned fields. ntsc/eia has 30 frames of 525 lines per second. pal/ccir has 25 frames of 625 lines per second.

  13. One of the still pictures that make up a video.

  14. Full screen or frame of video is made up of two fields. thirty frames is one second of video.

  15. (see also field). refers to a composition of lines that make one tv frame. in ccir/pal tv system one frame is composed of 625 lines, while in eia/ntsc tv system of 525 lines. there are 25 frames/second in the ccir/pal and 30 in the eia/ntsc tv system.

  16. A fixed-length block of data transmitted as a unit; sonet transmits frames. in video, one of a series of images shown in sequence.

  17. The outer borders of a picture, or its ratio of the height to width. the individual image on a roll of film. also, to compose a picture.

  18. One of many still pictures that make up a video.

  19. An appliance that is designed to hold corrective lenses. frame pd - this is the distance between centers of the eyewires. to calculate frame pd, simply add the eye size and the bridge size. a 48x20 frame has a 68 frame pd.

  20. 1. the particular size and shape of someone’s body 2. a solid support for something.  walking frame, zimmer frame

  21. N псхл., когн рамка, рама, фрейм2 semantics substitution ~ заместительная рама, замести- тельный фрейм

  22. The outer frame timbers of a vessel consist of the keel, stem, stern-posts, and ribs, which when moulded and bolted form the frame. (see timbers.)

  23. [1] rib-like or longitudinal members forming the skeleton of a ship. [2] a case or border enclosing something.

  24. 1. a general term for many machines used in yarn manufacturing such as the drawing frame, roving frame, and spinning frame. 2. see tenter frame.

  25. Construct of how a situation or event is perceived or the ‘rules’ behind any interaction. can have a significant impact on what outcome is achieved. thus changing the frame (reframing) can have a significant impact on the outcome.

  26. An area on the screen of the dtp document that is created to hold and position text and/or graphic elements on the page

  27. Кадр (см. также тв-поле). обозначает совокупность строк, составляющих один тв-кадр. в тв-системе ccir/pal один кадр состоит из 625 строк, а в системе eia/ntsc

  28. Complete raster scan projected on a video screen. there are thirty frames per second in a standard video output. a frame may be comprised of two fields, each displaying part of the total frame. see also field.

  29. Complete raster scan projected on a video screen. in north america, there are 30 frames per second in a standard video output, either electronics industry association (eia) rs-170 or national television standards committee (ntsc) format; in europe, 25 frames per second in phase alternation line (pal) or systeme electronique couleur avec memoire (secam) formats. a frame may be comprised of two interlaced fields, each displaying part of the total frame. see also field.1

  30. Fault reporting and monitoring of equipment: a system which records signals and telecom faults. – replaced in 2004/5 with fms

  31. The basic structure of an upholstered chair or sofa; usually made from a hardwood.

  32. The frame is a rigid supporting structure. integral to cabinets, tables and other furniture.


Frame, английский

Frame, английский

Frame, английский
    Ossature


Frame, английский

Frame, английский

Frame, английский

Frame, английский

Frame, английский

Frame, английский

Frame, английский

Frame (of a firearm), английский

Frame (timber), английский
    Шпангоут


Frame address, английский

Frame address code, английский
    Код адреса кадра


Frame alarm seconds, английский
    Длительность неисправности в цикловой структуре


Frame algebra, английский
    Алгебра фреймов


Frame alignment, английский

Frame alignment recovery time, английский

Frame alignment sequence, английский
    Последовательность выравнивания кадра


Frame alignment signal, английский

Probability, английский
  1. Probability can be generally defined as a measure of how likely some event will occur. the event could be an explosion, a lottery win or perhaps cancer induction. mathematically speaking, the value of probability varies between 0 and 1 where 0 means an ev

  2. Вероятность. возможность.

  3. The probability of an event is a number between zero and 100%. the meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability, which differ in their interpretations. however, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.

  4. Вероятность

  5. Вероятность probability sample, syn. random sample

  6. Вероятность. мера случайности появления конкретного события. например, вероятность случайного выбора из популяции человека с конкретным качеством соответствует доле людей в популяции, обладающих этим качеством.

  7. Вероятность; возможность

  8. Вероятность; обеспеченность (гидрологической величины) ~ of no-failure вероятность безотказной работы

  9. Probability is a method for representing uncertainty about propositions or events. it represents the uncertainty about a proposition on a scale from 0 to 1, with a 0 representing complete certainty that the proposition is false or an event will not occur and a value of one will represent the opposite. formally, a probability measure is one that follows kolmogorov`s axioms. there are two main schools of thought on the meaning of probability. frequentists take a narrow interpretation of probability allowing only hypothetically repeatable events or experiments as being quantifiable by probability, while bayesians take a broader interpretation that allows reasoning about "one-shot" events and propositions based on the current knowledge about nature. the bayesian interpretation is most commonly used in artificial intelligence, while the frequentist interpretation is most commonly taught in statistics courses. the label "bayesian" arises from the central role that the bayes theorem plays in this use of probability. it allows one to reason from effects to causes and encourages the use of probability measures to describe supposedly fixed events or propositions which frequentists disallow. the probability for these events reflects one`s state of knowledge about the event, rather than being an assertion that the unknown event can vary. for example, a bayesian would have no qualms about making statements about the probability that a given die, rolled and hidden from his sight is, for example, a six. a frequentist would be unable to make such a statement, preferring to talk about his confidence in the method when applied to a hypothetically large number of repeated experiments. in the end, they would act in similar ways. when the long run data are available, bayesians and frequentists end up with the same estimates. see also: bayes theorem, kolmogorov`s axioms.

  10. Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления неко-его события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относитель-ная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результа-тов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].

  11. The likelihood of something happening. for example, sale being made.

  12. Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления некоего события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относительная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результатов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].

  13. The relative likelihood of a particular outcome among all possible outcomes.

  14. Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.


Aggregating, английский

Compatible, английский
  1. Describes different hardware devices that can use the same software or programs without modification, or with appropriate software.

  2. Совместимый

  3. Совместный; совместимый; смешиваемый (напр, о красках)

  4. Compatible pieces of equipment can work together; incompatible ones can’t.


Equivalent, английский
  1. Эквивалент; эквивалентный

  2. Эквивалент (согласно так называемой доктрине эквивалентов, объект, по существу выполняющий ту же функцию тем же способом и обеспечивающий одинаковый эффект, считается эквивалентом)

  3. Эквивалент (согласно так называемой доктрине эквивалентов, объект, по существу выполняющий ту же

  4. N эквивалент; ~-lacking безэквивалентный; mono~ моноэквивалент; multi-~ мультиэквивалент | a эквивалентный translation, word absolute ~ абсолютный эквивалент occasional ~ окказиональный эквивалент regular ~ постоянный эквивалент variable ~ переменный эквивалент 1 “thunder”, образованное от “thunor”. 2 крупное литературное произведение эпического жанра; сложная, продолжительная история, включающая рад крупных событий. 3 раздел философии, изучающий основания знания. 4 повтор в конце смежных отрезков текста: “in 1931, ten years ago, japan invaded manchukuo – without warning. in 1935, italy invaded ethiopia – without warning. in 1938, hitler occupied austria – without warning. in 1939, hitler invaded czechoslovakia – without warning. later in 1939, hitler invaded poland – without warning. and now japan has attacked malaya and thailand – and the united states – without warning.” franklin d. roosevelt. 5 добавление этимологически не обусловленных звуков в конце слова.

  5. Эквивалент || эквивалентный


Refinement, английский
    Quality appearance, indicating good breeding.


Coarsening, английский

Representation, английский
  1. N репрезента- ция, представление knowledge ~ представление знаний internal ~ псхл. внутреннее представление mental ~ ментальная репрезентация

  2. A collateral statement of such facts not inserted on the policy of insurance, as may give the underwriters a just estimate of the risk of the adventure. (see warranty.)

  3. A representation is a set of conventions about how to describe a class of things. representation will generally consist of four parts: 1. a lexicon that determines which symbols are in it vocabulary; 2. a structural part that describes the constraints on the symbols; 3. a collection of methods or procedures that allow the symbols to be manipulated and queried; and 4. a semantics that specifies the meaning of the symbols and their relationships. re-ranking in handwriting and text recognition systems, the task of re-ranking allows the candidate interpretations developed by the recognizer to be ranked or scored according to the language model. see also: word n-gram re-ranking, word-tag model.

  4. If something stands in place of or is chosen to substitute for something else, the former is considered a representation of the latter. e.g., representation of constituencies in government, linguistic representation of an event (->symbol). the 66 belief that all knowledge is a representation of the properties of the real world is as unacceptable as the insistence that all descriptions or messages are about something else.


Relationship, английский
  1. Отношение: соотношение; связь; взаимоотношение; взаимосвязь

  2. Отношение, степень родства

  3. A way in which someone or something is connected to another  the incidence of the disease has a close relationship to the environment.  he became withdrawn and broke off all relationships with his family.

  4. Зависимость, соотношение

  5. A connection between objects.

  6. A logical connection between entities.

  7. A smartart graphic layout type that includes layouts designed to illustrate connections.

  8. An association established between common fields (columns) in two tables. a relationship can be one-to-one, many-to-many, or one-to-many.


Extension of an attribute, английский
    The set of objects which have a particular value for an attribute is the extension of an attribute. the objects that share a particular value of an attribute form an equivalence class. see also: equivalence class.


Question answering, английский
  1. The study or capability for a program, such as an expert system to answer questions about its conclusions, requests, or knowledge. it requires the ability to understand natural language questions and to generate natural language text.

  2. Ответ на вопрос пользователя, заданный на естественном языке, путем анализа вопроса и ресурсов знаний