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Consortium blockchains

Глоссарий по криптовалютам и блокчейну
    A consortium blockchain is a blockchain where the consensus process is controlled by a pre-selected set of nodes; for example, one might imagine a consortium of 15 financial institutions, each of which operates a node and of which ten must sign every block for the block to be valid. the right to read the blockchain may be public or restricted to the participants. there are also hybrid routes such as the root hashes of the blocks being public together with an api that allows members of the public to make a limited number of queries and get back cryptographic proofs of some parts of the blockchain state. these blockchains may be considered “partially decentralized”




Blockchain, английский
  1. A blockchain is a type of distributed ledger, comprised of unchangable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks (rather like collating them on to a single sheet of paper). each block is then ‘chained’ to the next block, using a cryptographic signature. this allows block chains to be used like a ledger, which can be shared and accessed by anyone with the appropriate permissions.

  2. Shared, trusted, public ledger of transactions, that everyone can inspect but which no single user controls. it is a cryptographed, secure, tamper resistant distributed database. it solves a complex mathematical problem to exist. a blockchain is a perfect place to store value, identities, agreements, property rights, credentials, etc. once you put something like a bitcoin into it, it will stay there forever. it is decentralized, disintermediated, cheap and censorship resistant. applications of blockchain: bitcoin (cryptocurrency), namecoin (wants to replace the entire dns system of the internet), or sia (a decentralized cloud storage), ethereum (turing complete virtual machine where you can run any smart contract); any centralized service like ebay, dropbox can potentially be built in a decentralized way using blockchain technology, considerably lowering transaction costs

  3. Think of blockchain as a database or a spreadsheet. but a really special spreadsheet. there`s no centralized master copy. instead, it`s shared on many computers. it`s special because you can only add to it. there`s no editing of history. the database is divided into chronological sub-sheets. these are the blocks. the last line of any block summarizes all of the data in the block, and ч and this is pretty important ч appears as the first line of the next block. if anyone tries to edit a block, the last line will change and will not match the first line of the next block. the network sees this corrupted block and immediately replaces it. this ingenious trick makes it futile to rewrite history and guarantees an unprecedented degree of security. blockchain was invented by haber and stornetta in 1991 but made famous in the satoshi nakamoto`s bitcoin paper.


Consortium, латинский

Consortium, английский
  1. Консорциум. временный союз хозяйственно незавимых фирм, банков, целью которого является такие виды совместной предпринимательской деятельности, как борьба за получение заказов на совместный проект, его осуществление и финансирование: программы поисково-ра

  2. Voluntary group affiliated for a purpose. consortia is plural.

  3. Консорциум

  4. A group of companies that cooperate and share resources in order to achieve a common objective.


Consortium banks, английский
    A merchant banking subsidiary set up by several banks that may or may not be of the same nationality. consortium banks are common in the euromarket and are active in loan syndication.


Consortium for international earth science information network, английский

Consortium for risk evaluation with stakeholder participation (u.s.), английский

Consortium [ii, n], латинский

Consortium, ii, n, латинский

Consortium, loss of, испанский
    Unable to have a sexual relationship between a husband and a wife


Controlled, английский
  1. Управляемый; регулируемый

  2. Управляемый

  3. Подконтрольный (о предприятиях)


Institutions, английский
    Insurance companies, pension funds, trusts, foundations, mutual funds, funds managers, bank investment departments.


Restricted, английский
    Placed on a list that dictates that the trader may not maintain positions, solicit business, or provide indications in a stock, but may serve as broker in agency trades after being properly cleared. traders are so restricted due to investment bank involvement with the company on nonpublic activity (i.e., mergers and acquisitions defense), affiliate ownership, or underwriting activities; signified on the quotron by a flashing "r." a restricted list and the stocks on it should never be conveyed to anyone outside of the trading areas, much less outside the firm. see: grey list.


Participants, английский

Cryptographic, английский
  1. Криптографический

  2. Криптографический; шифровальный


Decentralized, английский
    Децентрализованный


Private blockchains, английский
    A fully private blockchain is a blockchain where write permissions are kept centralized to one organization. read permissions may be public or restricted to an arbitrary extent. likely applications include database management, auditing, etc. internal to a single company, and so public readability may not be necessary in many cases at all, though in other cases public auditability is desired


51% attack, английский
    A condition in which more than half the computing power of a cryptocurrency network is controlled by a single malicious miner or group of miners. if he controls 51% of the network that makes him the authority on the network, giving him the power to spend the same coins multiple times, issue transactions that conflict with someone else’s or stop someone else’s transaction from being confirmed