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Blockchain
| Глоссарий по криптовалютам и блокчейну |
- A blockchain is a type of distributed ledger, comprised of unchangable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks (rather like collating them on to a single sheet of paper). each block is then ‘chained’ to the next block, using a cryptographic signature. this allows block chains to be used like a ledger, which can be shared and accessed by anyone with the appropriate permissions.
- Shared, trusted, public ledger of transactions, that everyone can inspect but which no single user controls. it is a cryptographed, secure, tamper resistant distributed database. it solves a complex mathematical problem to exist. a blockchain is a perfect place to store value, identities, agreements, property rights, credentials, etc. once you put something like a bitcoin into it, it will stay there forever. it is decentralized, disintermediated, cheap and censorship resistant. applications of blockchain: bitcoin (cryptocurrency), namecoin (wants to replace the entire dns system of the internet), or sia (a decentralized cloud storage), ethereum (turing complete virtual machine where you can run any smart contract); any centralized service like ebay, dropbox can potentially be built in a decentralized way using blockchain technology, considerably lowering transaction costs
- Think of blockchain as a database or a spreadsheet. but a really special spreadsheet. there`s no centralized master copy. instead, it`s shared on many computers. it`s special because you can only add to it. there`s no editing of history. the database is divided into chronological sub-sheets. these are the blocks. the last line of any block summarizes all of the data in the block, and ч and this is pretty important ч appears as the first line of the next block. if anyone tries to edit a block, the last line will change and will not match the first line of the next block. the network sees this corrupted block and immediately replaces it. this ingenious trick makes it futile to rewrite history and guarantees an unprecedented degree of security. blockchain was invented by haber and stornetta in 1991 but made famous in the satoshi nakamoto`s bitcoin paper.
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Distributed, английский
- Распредел
- Распределенный; рассредоточенный
- Сотри t i ng en v i ronmen t распределенные вычисления
- New treasury issues in dealers` hands are said to be distributed.
Cryptographic, английский
- Криптографический
- Криптографический; шифровальный
Appropriate, английский
Подходящий; соответствующий
Permissions, английский
- Права доступа; полномочия
- Authorization to perform operations associated with a specific shared resource, such as a file, directory, or printer. permissions must be granted by the system administrator to individual user accounts or administrative groups.
Transactions, английский
Операции (в снс; понятия, относящиеся к реализации товаров и услуг экономическими единицами, получающими за это определенную компенсацию; по характеру объектов подразделяются на текущие, т. е. предназначенные для немедленного использования или потребления, и капитальные операции, т. е. по увеличению национального богатства)
Cryptographed, английский
Mathematical, английский
- Analyzer, numerical integrator and computer эвм «маньяк»
- Математический
Credentials, английский
- Полномочия; "верительные данные"; мандат (в системах защиты); имя пользователя и пароль
- Information that includes identification and proof of identification that is used to gain access to local and network resources. examples of credentials are user names and passwords, smart cards, and certificates.
- Полномочия
- Certified documents, diplomas
- Certified documents, diplomas proof of a person’s earned authority, status, or rights, usually in writing (for example, a university diploma, or proof of passing a professional exam)
- These are qualifications or achievements that validate an individual`s competence or suitability for a task or role in the coaching or mentoring field.
Decentralized, английский
Децентрализованный
Censorship, английский
- N цензура
- Taking steps to prevent or deter the public communication of information or ideas.
Cryptocurrency, английский
A form of digital currency based on mathematics, where encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds. furthermore, cryptocurrencies operate independently of a central bank.
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Central ledger, английский
A central ledger refers to a ledger maintained by a central agency.
Block reward, английский
- The reward given to a miner which has successfully hashed a transaction block. block rewards can be a mixture of coins and transaction fees, depending on the policy used by the cryptocurrency in question, and whether all of the coins have already been successfully mined. the current block reward for the bitcoin network is 25 bitcoins for each block.
- An amount of crypto-currency a miner receives for processing transactions in a given block. because creating (or “mining”) blocks is so crucial to the security of the bitcoin network and yet so hard, the bitcoin protocol includes a mechanism to encourage people to mine: every time a block is added, the miner who found the block is given 12,5 btc(this number will change at the next halving in 2020) as a block reward
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