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Reducer, 2.
| Глоссарий по архитектуре и конструкциям |
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Bugle, английский
Although the boatswain’s call (or pipe) is the principal “sound signal” used on smaller naval vessels, the bugle is traditionally used to convey orders on shore stations and on ships large enough to carry marine detachments. originally called the buglehorn it first appeared in england during the 13th century, and traces its roots to the latin buculus meaning ox or young bull. the modern instrument, which owes its development to the british infantry and came to the navy via the marines, is made of copper or brass with a conical bore of increasing diameter. pitch is controlled by varying the shape of the player’s mouth. the british bugle, introduced in 1870, is twice-coiled, as is the regulation american instrument of 1882. this design is short and easy to handle on shipboard. the high-pitched notes of wind instruments can penetrate the noise of battle, so their use to issue commands has a long history. there are many references to horns and trumpets in the old testament, including (numbers 10:9) “and if ye go to war ... sound an alarm with the trumpets.” at least forty-three signals were used in the roman legions—in de re militari (a.d. 390) vegetius wrote; “the music of the legion consists of trumpets, cornets and buccinae. the trumpet sounds the charge and the retreat ... but in time of action, the trumpets and cornets sound together.” the first reliable record of horn commands in the postclassical era, comes from william of brittany, who wrote of the battle of bouvines in 1214; “the trumpets sounded terrifyingly, inviting the warriors to promptly charge the enemy” (phillipiad xi:64)
Reducing coupling, английский
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Reducing coupling, английский
Red lead., английский
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