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Contrast grade
| Глоссарий по фотографии |
In black and white printing, an indication of the contrast rendition the paper will yield. #0 and #1 are low contrast; #4 and #5 are high contrast. the "normal" contrast grade is #2.
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Contrast, английский
- The difference in intensity between the darkest and the brightest parts of an image.
- The level of variation between light and dark areas in an image.
- Контраст
- The range of light to dark values in a picture or the ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness values.
- A common term used in reference to the video picture dynamic range, i.e., the
- Контраст; контрастный
- A measure of rate of change of brightness in an image.
- A common term used in reference to the video picture dynamic range, i.e., the difference between the darkest and the brightest parts of an image.
- The apparent difference in perceived brightness between two areas within the field of view. = (bmax - bmin)/bmax bmax = maximum brightness bmin = minimum brightness
- The difference between one tone and another or between the darkest and lightest parts of a scene or processed film. high contrast involves not only an extreme brightness ratio but also few gray tones. low contrast has an expanded range of intermediate tones with limited pure blacks and whites. tip: what is too contrasty for one medium or emulsion may not be so for another. see: brightness ratio; and fall-off (on a surface).
- The relationship between the lightest and darkest areas in a scene and/or photograph. a small difference means low contrast; a great difference high contrast. high contrast scenes usually cause the most exposure problems; however, their difficulty can mean they hold the potential for more expression. though contrast is often linked with scene brightness, there can be low contrast in a bright scene and high contrast in dim light. contrast can also describe attributes of color, composition, and inherent qualities of film.
- The measure of rate of change of brightness in an image.
- N противопоставление linguistics direct ~ прямое противопоставление indirect ~ косвенное противопоставление minimal ~ минимальное противопоставление non-minimal ~ неминимальное противопос- тавление contrastive a 1 контрастивный, контрастный; 2 сопоставительный analysis, distribution, linguistics, pair, phonology, semantics contrastive-typological a сопоставительно- типологический analysis сontronym см. contranym
- The degree of difference between light and dark extremes of color on a monitor, device screen, or printed output, or between the darkest and lightest areas in a photo. the greater the difference, the higher the contrast.
- An indication of the difference between the thicker and thinner parts of characters in a typeface.
- Visible differences between parts of a microscopic specimen
- Comparison of two or more colors in such a way that enables them to be differentiated. color theorist johannes itten [learn more about his theories here and here] was one of the first to define the contrasting properties of color. itten noted seven types of color contrast:
- (1) difference in color or brightness between a test indication and its background or surroundings. (2) in film radiologic testing, the difference in film blackening or density observed from one area to another and resulting from various radiation intensities transmitted by the object. contrast, subject: ratio of radiation intensities transmitted by selected portions of object being radiographed.
- (1) разница в цвете или яркости между индикатором испытания и его фоном или окружением. (2) при радиологических испытаниях пленки - разница в почернении или плотности пленки, наблюдаемая на разных участках и возникающая в результате различной интенсивности излучения, передаваемого объектом. контраст, предмет: соотношение интенсивностей излучения, передаваемого выбранными частями рентгенографируемого объекта.
- Difference in color or brightness between a test indication and background.
- Difference between the amount of light reflected or transmitted by an object and by the background in the field of view. 306 visual testing
- Difference in visibility (brightness, color or temperature) between an indication and the surrounding surface.1
- (1) difference in color or brightness between a test indication and background. (2) difference between the amount of light reflected or transmitted by an object and by the background in the field of view.
- Difference in color or brightness between indication and background.
Contrast (mt, pt, rt), английский
The difference in visibility between an indication and the surrounding surface.
Contrast (viewing) glass, английский
A filter that darkens the scene to help the new and old pro evaluate contrast and shadow areas.
Contrast (контраст), английский
Общий термин, используемый в отношении динамического диапазона видеоизображения, то есть разница между самыми темными и самыми светлыми участками изображения.
Contrast adjusting, английский
Корректировка контрастности
Contrast agent, английский
Contrast agent (rt), английский
Any suitable substance, solid, liquid, or gas, applied to a material being radiographed, to enhance its contrast in total or in part.
Contrast compression, английский
Contrast control, английский
- The control on a monitor used to change the contrast by varying the amplitude of the video signal.
- Регулировка контрастности contrast-equalizing tool инструмент "автоматическое выравнивание контрастности"
Contrast crushing, английский
Contrast enhancement, английский
The general function of a f2 layer in an art network. the most common version is a winner-take-all function. see also: art, ftp:://ftp.sas.com/pub/neural/faq2.html, http://www.wi.leidenuniv.nl/art/.
Contrast filter, английский
Фильтр контраста
Contrast image, английский
Контрастное изображение
Contrast medium, английский
A radio-opaque dye, or sometimes gas, put into an organ or part of the body so that it will show clearly in an x-ray photograph in an mri scan no contrast medium is required; in a cat scan iodine-based contrast media are often required.
Contrast of extension, английский
Involves the relative areas of two or more color patches. it is the contrast between much and little, or great and small..
Contrast of flaw indications, английский
Contrast of fringes, английский
Contrast of hologram fringes, английский
Contrast of hue, английский
Is the contrast between two or more colors. the idea is best illustrated by pure hues in their most intense luminosity. these hues would red/yellow/blue or cyan/magenta/yellow in the subtractive color model or red/green/blue (rgb) in the additive color model. the pure primary colors have the highest contrast. for examples the primaries of red/yellow/blue have greater contrast than the secondaries hues of green/orange/violet, which are less pure. the contrast is lower still between the tertiary colors. the complementary pairs of a primary or secondary color are in higher contrast than a complementary pair of tertiary colors.
Contrast of reconstructed image, английский
Indication, английский
- Индикация
- A situation or sign which suggests that a specific treatment should be given or that a condition has a particular cause sulpha drugs have been replaced by antibiotics in many indications. contraindication
- (1) notice given by a dealer (through autex) or customer of an interest in buying or selling stock, sometimes including specific volume and price; (2) approximation of where a specialist sees buy and sell interest to tighten the range to an opening price.
- Выражение интереса (бирж.)
- In nondestructive inspection, a response or evidence of a response, that requires interpretation to determine its significance.
- Nondestructive test response that requires interpretation to determine its relevance. these include such things as meter deflections, shadows on radiographs, blips on screens, or localized discolorations on surfaces. see also defect; discontinuity; indication, false; indication, nonrelevant. indication, discontinuity: visible evidence of a material discontinuity. subsequent interpretation is required to determine the significance of an indication. indication, false: test indication that could be interpreted as originating from a discontinuity where no discontinuity exists. compare defect; ghost; indication, nonrelevant. false indications are an economic liability for inspection because they must be investigated. indication, nonrelevant: indication due to misapplied or improper testing. may also be an indication caused by an actual discontinuity that does not affect the usability of the test object (a change of section, for instance). indication, relevant: indication from a discontinuity (as opposed to a nonrelevant indication) requiring evaluation by a qualified inspector, typically with reference to an acceptance standard, by virtue of the discontinuity’s size, shape, orientation, or location.
- Nondestructive test response that requires interpretation to determine its relevance.4 see also defect; discontinuity; false indication; nonrelevant indication. indication, nonrelevant: indication that has no relation to a discontinuity that might constitute a defect.1 test response caused by geometry or by a physical condition that is not a discontinuity. indication, relevant: indication from a discontinuity (as opposed to a false indication) requiring evaluation by a qualified inspector, typically with reference to an acceptance standard, by virtue of the discontinuity’s size or location.1
- Nondestructive test response that requires interpretation to determine its relevance. compare defect; discontinuity; indication, false; indication, nonrelevant. indication, false: (1) test indication that could be interpreted as originating from a discontinuity but that actually originates where no discontinuity exists in the test object. (2) indication due to misapplied or improper testing. compare indication, nonrelevant; defect. indication, nonrelevant: indication that has no relation to a discontinuity that might constitute a defect. test response caused by geometry or by a physical condition that is not a discontinuity (a change of section, for instance). indication, relevant: indication from a discontinuity (as opposed to a false indication) requiring evaluation by a qualified inspector, typically with reference to an acceptance standard, by virtue of the discontinuity’s size or location.
- Nondestructive test response that requires interpretation to determine its relevance. compare defect; discontinuity. see also indication, false; indication, nonrelevant. indication, false: (1) test indication that could be interpreted as originating from a discontinuity but that actually originates where no discontinuity exists in the test object. (2) indication due to misapplied or improper testing. compare indication, nonrelevant. indication, nonrelevant: indication that has no relation to a discontinuity that might constitute a defect. test response caused by geometry or by a physical condition that is not a discontinuity (a change of section, for instance). indication, relevant: indication from a discontinuity (as opposed to a false indication) requiring evaluation by a qualified inspector, typically with reference to an acceptance standard, by virtue of the discontinuity’s size or location.
- Nondestructive test equipment response to a discontinuity that requires interpretation to determine its relevance.4 in magnetic particle testing, a visible accumulation of magnetic particles that serves as evidence of a magnetic leakage field.
- Defect, discontinuity, false indication and nonrelevant indication. induced current magnetization: noncontact means for testing delicate ring shaped objects for circumferential discontinuities. the technique is based on the fact that a time varying current passing through an internal conductor, often a soft iron or laminated core, self-induces an encircling magnetic field. this time varying magnetic field will induce a secondary current circling through the ring. this secondary current then self-induces the toroidal magnetic field used for testing.
- Nondestructive test equipment response to a reflector, requiring interpretation to determine its relevance. compare crack; defect; discontinuity; indication, false.10 indication, discontinuity: visible evidence of a material discontinuity. subsequent interpretation is required to determine the indication’s significance.10 indication, false: test indication that originates where no discontinuity exists in the test object. compare defect; indication, nonrelevant.10 indication, nonrelevant: indication possibly caused by an actual discontinuity that does not affect the usability of the test object (a change of section, for instance) or that is smaller than a relevant indication. compare indication, false and indication, relevant.10 indication, relevant: indication from a discontinuity (as opposed to a nonrelevant indication) requiring evaluation by a qualified inspector, typically with reference to an acceptance standard, by virtue of the discontinuity’s size, shape, orientation or location. compare indication, nonrelevant.10,19
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Dodging, английский
In conventional or digital printing and image manipulation, the selective reduction of density in certain areas of the scene.
Fill-in flash, английский
Flash used outdoors, generally to balance a subject that is backlit. can also be used to control excessive contrast, add light to shadows, or brighten colors on an overcast day.
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