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Chi-square statistic
| Glossary of Statistical Terms |
The chi-square statistic is used to measure the agreement between categorical data and a multinomial model that predicts the relative frequency of outcomes in each possible category. suppose there are n independent trials, each of which can result in one of k possible outcomes. suppose that in each trial, the probability that outcome i occurs is pi, for i = 1, 2, … , k, and that these probabilities are the same in every trial. the expected number of times outcome 1 occurs in the n trials is n×p1; more generally, the expected number of times outcome i occurs is
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Chi-square, английский
Chi-square curve, английский
The chi-square curve is a family of curves that depend on a parameter called degrees of freedom (d.f.). the chi-square curve is an approximation to the probability histogram of the chi-square statistic for multinomial model if the expected number of outcomes in each category is large. the chi-square curve is positive, and its total area is 100%, so we can think of it as the probability histogram of a random variable. the balance point of the curve is d.f., so the expected value of the corresponding random variable would equal d.f.. the standard error of the corresponding random variable would be (2×d.f.)½. as d.f. grows, the shape of the chi-square curve approaches the shape of the normal curve. this page shows the chi-square curve.
Chi-square curve., английский
The chi-square curve is a family of curves that depend on a parameter called degrees of freedom (d.f.). the chi-square curve is an approximation to the probability histogram of the chi-square statistic for multinomial model if the expected number of outco
Chi-square distribution, английский
- The chi-square distribution is defined by:
- Распределение хи-квадрат. см. distribution (распределение).
- Распределение хи-квадрат. это распределение может рассматриваться как распределение суммы квадратов v независимых нормиро-ванных случайных величин, распределенных по нормальному закону. параметр v означает число степеней свободы [23].
Chi-square statistic., английский
The chi-square statistic is used to measure the agreement between categorical data and a multinomial model that predicts the relative frequency of outcomes in each possible category. suppose there are n independent trials, each of which can result in one
Chi-squared distribution, английский
Where expected frequencies are sufficiently high, hypothesised distributions of counts may be approximated by a normal distribution rather than an exact binomial distribution. the corresponding distribution of the chi-squared statistic can be derived alge
Chi-squared statistic, английский
[named by e.s. pearson ()?]. this is a long-established test statistic for measuring the extent to which a set of categorical outcomes depart from a hypothesised set of probabilities. it is calculated as a sum of terms over the available categories, where
Statistic, английский
- A number or code derived by a prior-defined consistent process of calculation, from a set of data. also see : algorithm(1), test statistic.
- A number that can be computed from data, involving no unknown parameters. as a function of a random sample, a statistic is a random variable. statistics are used to estimate parameters, and to test hypotheses.
Statistic process control;s.p.c., английский
Controle statistique de procédé
Statistic process control;s.p.c., английский
Statistic., английский
A number that can be computed from data, involving no unknown parameters. as a function of a random sample, a statistic is a random variable. statistics are used to estimate parameters, and to test hypotheses.
Statistica [ae, f], латинский
Statistical, английский
Statistical account, английский
A classifier of economic resource quantity used to classify debit or credit entries in an accounting system.
Statistical agency, английский
Статистический орган; статистическое учреждение
Statistical analysis, английский
- Статистический анализ
- Статистический анализ. анализ данных клинического исследования с применением методов и тестов, установленных в протоколе (см. также statistical analytical plan).
- The science of collecting, exploring, and presenting data to draw conclusions of underlying patterns and trends.
Statistical analysis system, английский
Statistical analysis system;, русский
Statistical analytical plan, английский
Statistical analytical plan (sap), английский
План статистического анализа. документ, который содержит подробное техническое описание принципиальных подходов к анализу, определенному в протоколе, а также включает детальное описание методов выполнения статистического анализа первичных (основных) и вторичных (дополнительных) переменных, а также других данных.
Multinomial, английский
Многочлен; полином
Independent, английский
- One who logs and sells his output on the open market; not associated with a mill or under company or dealer contract (19).
- Независимый; автономный
- Независимый, автономный
- Независимый, самостоятельный; рантье (лицо, живущее на доходы от капитала)
- Независимый
- A независимый
- A merchant ship under naval control, but sailing alone and unescorted by any warship.
Probability, английский
- Probability can be generally defined as a measure of how likely some event will occur. the event could be an explosion, a lottery win or perhaps cancer induction. mathematically speaking, the value of probability varies between 0 and 1 where 0 means an ev
- Вероятность. возможность.
- The probability of an event is a number between zero and 100%. the meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability, which differ in their interpretations. however, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.
- Вероятность
- Вероятность probability sample, syn. random sample
- Вероятность. мера случайности появления конкретного события. например, вероятность случайного выбора из популяции человека с конкретным качеством соответствует доле людей в популяции, обладающих этим качеством.
- Вероятность; возможность
- Вероятность; обеспеченность (гидрологической величины) ~ of no-failure вероятность безотказной работы
- Probability is a method for representing uncertainty about propositions or events. it represents the uncertainty about a proposition on a scale from 0 to 1, with a 0 representing complete certainty that the proposition is false or an event will not occur and a value of one will represent the opposite. formally, a probability measure is one that follows kolmogorov`s axioms. there are two main schools of thought on the meaning of probability. frequentists take a narrow interpretation of probability allowing only hypothetically repeatable events or experiments as being quantifiable by probability, while bayesians take a broader interpretation that allows reasoning about "one-shot" events and propositions based on the current knowledge about nature. the bayesian interpretation is most commonly used in artificial intelligence, while the frequentist interpretation is most commonly taught in statistics courses. the label "bayesian" arises from the central role that the bayes theorem plays in this use of probability. it allows one to reason from effects to causes and encourages the use of probability measures to describe supposedly fixed events or propositions which frequentists disallow. the probability for these events reflects one`s state of knowledge about the event, rather than being an assertion that the unknown event can vary. for example, a bayesian would have no qualms about making statements about the probability that a given die, rolled and hidden from his sight is, for example, a six. a frequentist would be unable to make such a statement, preferring to talk about his confidence in the method when applied to a hypothetically large number of repeated experiments. in the end, they would act in similar ways. when the long run data are available, bayesians and frequentists end up with the same estimates. see also: bayes theorem, kolmogorov`s axioms.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления неко-его события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относитель-ная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результа-тов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The likelihood of something happening. for example, sale being made.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления некоего события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относительная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результатов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The relative likelihood of a particular outcome among all possible outcomes.
- Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
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Ecological correlation, английский
The correlation between averages of groups of individuals, instead of individuals. ecological correlation can be misleading about the association of individuals.
Chi-square curve, английский
The chi-square curve is a family of curves that depend on a parameter called degrees of freedom (d.f.). the chi-square curve is an approximation to the probability histogram of the chi-square statistic for multinomial model if the expected number of outcomes in each category is large. the chi-square curve is positive, and its total area is 100%, so we can think of it as the probability histogram of a random variable. the balance point of the curve is d.f., so the expected value of the corresponding random variable would equal d.f.. the standard error of the corresponding random variable would be (2×d.f.)½. as d.f. grows, the shape of the chi-square curve approaches the shape of the normal curve. this page shows the chi-square curve.
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