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Linear dose response
| Глоссарий по ядерной энергетике |
Linear dose response in radiation protection relates to the zero-threshold model which predicts that every small addition of radiation exposure contributes to an increment in the probability of a probabilistic / stochastic effect. the response relies on t
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Protection, английский
- Охрана; защита см. coverage
- Охрана; защита
- 1. the act of keeping a person or thing safe from harm 2. something which protects children are vaccinated as a protection against disease. protection of children act 1999 protection of children act 1999 /pr? tek??n ?v t??ldr?n kt/
- Protección
- Предохранение
- Formerly, a certificate giving exemption from impressment.
- Защита; средства защиты
- Защита; защитные меры о ~
- Process of setting equipment or anchors for safety.
- A tab within the exchange administration center (eac) that contains anti-virus/anti spam, and data loss protection.
- The process of protecting data from loss or corruption by centrally creating and maintaining replicas and shadow copies of the data. dpm is designed to provide short-term disk-based backup, to support rapid and reliable recovery of data.
- In a specialised sense, used for the rules governing the protection given to a train which stops in an unusual location or becomes derailed, to stop another train hitting it.
Probability, английский
- Probability can be generally defined as a measure of how likely some event will occur. the event could be an explosion, a lottery win or perhaps cancer induction. mathematically speaking, the value of probability varies between 0 and 1 where 0 means an ev
- Вероятность. возможность.
- The probability of an event is a number between zero and 100%. the meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability, which differ in their interpretations. however, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.
- Вероятность
- Вероятность probability sample, syn. random sample
- Вероятность. мера случайности появления конкретного события. например, вероятность случайного выбора из популяции человека с конкретным качеством соответствует доле людей в популяции, обладающих этим качеством.
- Вероятность; возможность
- Вероятность; обеспеченность (гидрологической величины) ~ of no-failure вероятность безотказной работы
- Probability is a method for representing uncertainty about propositions or events. it represents the uncertainty about a proposition on a scale from 0 to 1, with a 0 representing complete certainty that the proposition is false or an event will not occur and a value of one will represent the opposite. formally, a probability measure is one that follows kolmogorov`s axioms. there are two main schools of thought on the meaning of probability. frequentists take a narrow interpretation of probability allowing only hypothetically repeatable events or experiments as being quantifiable by probability, while bayesians take a broader interpretation that allows reasoning about "one-shot" events and propositions based on the current knowledge about nature. the bayesian interpretation is most commonly used in artificial intelligence, while the frequentist interpretation is most commonly taught in statistics courses. the label "bayesian" arises from the central role that the bayes theorem plays in this use of probability. it allows one to reason from effects to causes and encourages the use of probability measures to describe supposedly fixed events or propositions which frequentists disallow. the probability for these events reflects one`s state of knowledge about the event, rather than being an assertion that the unknown event can vary. for example, a bayesian would have no qualms about making statements about the probability that a given die, rolled and hidden from his sight is, for example, a six. a frequentist would be unable to make such a statement, preferring to talk about his confidence in the method when applied to a hypothetically large number of repeated experiments. in the end, they would act in similar ways. when the long run data are available, bayesians and frequentists end up with the same estimates. see also: bayes theorem, kolmogorov`s axioms.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления неко-его события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относитель-ная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результа-тов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The likelihood of something happening. for example, sale being made.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления некоего события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относительная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результатов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The relative likelihood of a particular outcome among all possible outcomes.
- Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
Probabilistic, английский
- Вероятностный
- Attribute of non-deterministic systems whose transitions between states follow known or ascertainable probabilities (->probability). the ergodic behavior of probabilistic systems is describable as a markov chain. probabii.ity
Stochastic, английский
- With respect to radiation protection , stochastic effects (also referred to as probabilistic ) represent radiation harm for which there is no threshold (see linear dose response ) . even the smallest quantity of ionising radiation exposure can be said to
- Стохастический (случайный или вероятностный характер процесса)
- Стохастический
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Low level waste (llw), английский
Low level waste (llw) consists mainly of items such as protective clothing, laboratory equipment, packing materials, containers and site equipment which have come into contact with radioactive material and are no longer useful. in the uk the definition of
Linear attenuation coefficient, английский
The linear attenuation coefficient is used in the description and calculation of exponential absorption of gamma rays . the quantity normally has the dimensions cm-1 and describes the fraction of gamma rays that are attenuated per unit thickness of absorb
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