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Inclusion
| Англо-русский глоссарий по металлургии |
- The presence of foreign matter in a finished material.
- Something enclosed inside something else
- Вовлечение; включение; импликация
- A catch-all phrase describing imperfections and other flaws. most diamonds have inclusions.
- Any of several types of clarity features which are enclosed within a host diamond and they may reach the surface. some examples are knots, feathers, crystals, needles, clouds and pinpoints.
- An inclusion is sometimes referred to as a flaw. it is an internal characteristics of the stone that can be seen by the naked eye or under under magnification. inclusions are impurities in the stone appearing as bubbles, crystals, carbon spots, feathers, clouds, pinpoints, cracks or abrasions. it is these characteristics are one-of-a-kind to each diamond, similar to a unique fingerprint.
- A crystal, a fragment of another substance, or a minute gas- or liquid-filled cavity enclosed in a crystal, such as a carbon fleck or spot inside a diamond crystal.
- A fragment, whatever size, of another rock embedded in an igneous rock. compare concretion.
- Включение; введение; инклюзия ~ of fibers into concrete mix введение волокон в бетонную смесь
- Term or sentence that must be found in conjunction with a search phrase.
- A general term for foreign bodies (gas, liquid, glass, or mineral)
- Particles of impurities, usually oxides, sulfides, silicates, and such, which are retained in the metal during solidification or which are formed by subsequent reaction of the solid metal.
- In manufacturing, foreign particles, or impurities, usually oxides, sulfides, silicates and such, that are retained in metal (welds or castings) during solidification or that are formed by subsequent reaction of the solid metal. see also stringer.
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Включение, русский
- Внутренние дефекты кристалла, инородные вещества внутри атомной решетки алмаза, размер, количество и яркость которых напрямую влияют на чистоту и цену бриллианта.
- (1) физическая и механическая неоднородность, встречающаяся в пределах материала или детали, обычно состоящая из твердого изолированного инородного материала. включения часто способны к распространению некоторых структурных напряжений и полей энергии, с заметно отличающейся от основного материала степенью. (2) частицы инородного материала в металлической матрице. частицы обычно являются соединениями типа оксидов, сульфидов или силикатов, но могут быть любыми соединениями, которые являются инородными к (и по существу нерастворимыми) в матрице. см. также exogenous inclusion — экзогенные включения, indigenous inclusion — природные включения.
Включение (металлообработка), русский
(1) физическая и механическая неоднородность, встречающаяся в пределах материала или детали, обычно состоящая из твердого изолированного инородного материала. включения часто способны к распространению некоторых структурных напряжений и полей энергии, с заметно отличающейся от основного материала степенью. (2) частицы инородного материала в металлической матрице. частицы обычно являются соединениями типа оксидов, сульфидов или силикатов, но могут быть любыми соединениями, которые являются инородными к (и по существу нерастворимыми) в матрице.
Включение о, русский
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Вовлечение, русский
Вовлечение путем перемешивания окружающего воздуха в облако или в воздушный поток таким образом, что окружающий воздух становится частью потока или облака. этаж метеорологический термин, использованный в изданиях "международного атласа облаков" (мао) 1956 года и 1975 года и обозначающий диапазон уровней, на которых облака определенного рода встречаются более часто. этот термин был заменен на термин "уровень", прежде всего по причине возможности его более точного перевода на многие разные языки. использование термина "этаж" в этом контексте было предложено ж.-б. ламарком (1802) в первой в истории опубликованной классификации облаков; aа также в группировке облаков по высоте в классификации вмо: верхний этаж (3–8 км); средний этаж (2–4 км); и нижний этаж (до 2 км).
Импликация, русский
- (лат. – спутанность) логическое отношение, состоящее в том, что одна вещь «имплицирует» другую, т.е. включает ее в себя. объект познания имплицирует др. объект познания, если второй с необходимостью вытекает из первого; напр., отношение имплицирует число, число имплицирует пространство, понятие отца имплицирует понятие ребенка и т. д. относительно импликации и импликатора см. логистика.
- (от лат . implico - тесно связываю) (материальная импликация), приблизительный логический эквивалент оборота "если..., то..."; операция, формализующая логические свойства этого оборота.
- Логическая операция (связка) для двух выражений. результирующее выражение ложно тогда, когда первое выражение истинно, а второе ложно (операция и. некоммутативна). стандартное обозначение импликации: ®.
Inclusions, английский
- Undesired materials in a solid matrix.
- Prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Characteristics, английский
- The distinguishing qualities of a navigation aid or buoy, including shape and color, whether fixed or flashing, and flashing sequence.
- A high-performance fiber with high chemical resistance that does not burn in air. it has no melting point and does not drip when exposed to flame. the fiber and fabrics from pbi retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat. the fiber emits little smoke in extreme conditions. it processes well on conventional textile equipment, having processing characteristics similar to polyester. it can be used in 100% form or blended with other fibers. it has a high moisture regain and low modulus with comfort properties similar to cotton. the natural color of pbi is a gold-khaki shade, but it can be dyed to almost any medium to dark shade with conventional basic dyes.
- Acetate fabrics are in appearance fast-drying, wrinkle and shrinkage resistant, crisp or soft in hand depending upon the end use.
- Although modacrylics are similar to acrylics in properties and application, certain important differences exist. modacrylics have superior resistance to chemicals and combustion, but they are more heat sensitive (lower safe ironing temperature) and have a higher specific gravity (less cover).
- Although the properties of the nylons described above vary in some respects, they all exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, toughness, elasticity, abrasion resistance, washability, ease of drying, and resistance to attack by insects and microorganisms.
- Because acrylic fibers are thermoplastic, fabrics may be heat-set for wrinkle resistance and to provide permanency to pleats. acrylic fabrics have low moisture absorbency and dry relatively quickly. in general, acrylic fibers are resistant to the degrading effects of ultraviolet rays in sunlight and to a wide range of chemicals and fumes. they provide warmth in fabrics that are lightweight, soft, and resilient. acrylic fibers have relatively poor flame resistance compared with other fibers. some acrylic fabrics, particularly knit types, approximate the hand of fine wool. because of the composition and cross section of the fiber, fabrics made therefrom have a high bulk to weight ratio. this is further enhanced with the so-called “high bulk” spun yarns.
- Glass fiber is incombustible and will tolerate heat up to 1000°f without material damage. potential strength is not realized in woven fabrics or even in yarns, because the fiber is brittle and fracture points may develop, but nevertheless, very high tensile strength is obtained in woven fabrics, and is retained at elevated temperatures. the fiber originally was difficult to color but methods have been developed to accomplish this. moisture absorption is low. electrical and insulation resistance is high.
- Polychlal fibers have a soft, lamb’s wool-like hand and moderate moisture regain. the fibers are also characterized by high flame resistance and high abrasion resistance.
- Polyester fibers have high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. fabrics are quick drying and tend to have wrinkle resistance and crease retention, wet and dry. polyester is used alone and in blends. it has been one of the first fibers to be developed in fabrics with durable-press features.
- Polyethylene fibers have a low specific gravity, extremely low moisture regain, the same tensile strength wet and dry, and are resistant to attack by mildew and insects. these qualities have made polyethylene fiber suitable for industrial applications, geotextiles, outdoor furniture, and similar applications. polyethylene fiber does not dye, and in most cases, it is colored by the addition of pigments and dyes to the material prior to spinning. it has a low melting point, a property that has restricted its use in apparel.
- Polypropylene fibers have a number of advantages over polyethylene fibers in the field of textile applications. the degree of crystallinity, 72 to 75%, results in a fiber that is strong and resilient, and does not fibrillate like high-density polyethylene. polypropylene has a high work of rupture, which indicates a tough fiber, and may be made with tenacities as high as 8.0 to 8.5 grams per denier. the melting point of polypropylene is 165°c, which is low by comparison with nylon or polyester, but is high enough to make it suitable for most textile applications. so light that it actually floats, polypropylene fiber provides greater coverage per pound than any other fiber. it is highly resistant to mechanical abuse and chemical attack.
- Rayon yarns are made in a wide range of types in regard to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they may be white or solution dyed. strength is regulated by the process itself and the structure of the yarn. (also see polynosic fiber.) luster is reduced by including delustering materials, such as titanium dioxide pigments, in the fiber when it is extruded. the suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the number of filaments in the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and the fiber cross-section.
- Spandex is lighter in weight, more durable, and more supple than conventional elastic threads and has between two and three times their restraining power. spandex is extruded in a multiplicity of fine filaments which immediately form a monofilament. it can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. it does not suffer deterioration from oxidation as is the case with fine sizes of rubber thread, and it is not damaged by body oils, perspiration, lotions, or detergents.
Magnification, английский
- The ratio of image to object size in an optical system. may be real (linear) or apparent (angular). milliradian (mrad)1/1000th of a radian, or 0.0573 degrees; the angle whose tangent is 0.001.
- The increase in the apparent or perceived size or subtended angle of an image in relation to actual size of object.
- Увеличение ~ of lens увеличение лупы
- The power of a microscope (or lens) to produce an image that appears larger than the actual specimen, expressed as a factor of the actual size
Impurities, английский
Elements or compounds whose presence in a material is undesired.
Fingerprint, английский
- The distinctive pattern of lines on human fingertips that are used as a method of identification in criminal cases
- A mark left by a finger when something is touched. genetic
- Отпечаток; след; идентификационная метка; отличительная метка
- Any unique identifying characteristic on a diamond
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Induction, английский
- Индукция; всасывание
- Индукция; всасыва- •ние
- 1. the process of starting or speeding up the birth of a baby 2. the stimulation of an enzyme’s production when the substance on which it acts increases in concentration 3. a process by which one part of an embryo influences another part’s development 4. information and support given to new employees in an organisation
- N лог. 1 индукция, ин- дуктивный метод (ант. deduction 1); 2 за- ключение, полученное с помощью индук- ции1 (ант. deduction 2) inessive n инесив (литов. яз.; тж. ~ case)
- The process of inferring a general principle from data or examples. inductive logic programming (ilp) inductive logic programming (ilp) is an alternate approach to machine learning. most techniques in this field are attribute-based, concentrating on learning values of attributes that best predict the outcome variables. ilp assumes the background knowledge expressed as a set of predicate definitions, a set of positive examples, and a set of negative examples. an ilp system will then attempt to extend the background knowledge so that all the positive examples can be derived while none of the negative examples can be. although this may sound similar to the general problem of inductive learning, ilp systems require that the background knowledge and its extension be represented in predicate logic, typically prolog. see also: attribute-based learning, belief net, logic programming, machine learning, prolog. induct-rdr induct-rdr is a machine learning algorithm that can learn using the ripple down rules technique. see also: ripple down rules, http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~s2176432/rdr.html
- Официальное введение в должность ind – inf
- Prophage dna is excised from the bacterial genome
- Magnetic induction is the magnetism induced in a ferromagnetic body by some outside magnetizing force.
- Induction is the process of introducing a new employee to the company culture and processes with the aim of bringing
- Induction is the introductory phase of a new employee`s career. an effective induction program will help new hires assimilate into the workplace and understand their role within the organization.
Impoverishment, английский
Истощение
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