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Boatswain
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- The officer who superintends the boat-sails, ship`s-sails, rigging, canvas, colours, anchors, cables and cordage, committed to his charge. he ought also to take care that the blocks and running ropes are regularly placed to answer the purposes for which they are intended, and that the sails are properly fitted to their yards and stays, and well-furled or reefed when occasion requires. he pipes the hands to their several duties, seeing that they attend his call, and ought to be in every way a thorough seaman. although termed boatswain, the boats are not in his charge. they, with the spars, &c., and stores for repair, belong to the carpenter. the boatswain is the officer of the first lieutenant; he gives no order, but reports defects, and carries out the will of his superior.
- This is the oldest extant naval title, dating back to the 6th century anglo-saxon batswegen (boat-servant) who was essentially the ship’s master responsible for its sailing and navigation. in 1040, the title was brought back (as boatswain) for one of four non-military warrant officers created for warships provided and crewed by the cinque ports. in days of sail the boatswain had to be a first-class seaman, able to command the respect of highly-skilled professional sailors. he was responsible for sails, rigging, anchors, cables, and boats; could stand watch, but was not eligible to command ships. the sailmaker and boatswains mates reported to him. u.s. naval regulations of the late 19th century specified: a candidate for a boatswain’s appointment must be of correct habits, not less than 21 nor more than 35 years of age; must have been at least seven years at sea, and have served at least one year as a petty officer; he must be a thorough practical seaman, and understand cutting, fitting, and rigging according to regulations, the weighing, catting, fishing, securing, and transportation of anchors and the working of cables, the erection and securing of sheers, the handling of purchases, masting, securing yards, etc., and be able to write sufficiently to keep an account of stores. nowadays, in naval service, the boatswain is the warrant or petty officer responsible for a vessel’s equipment and deck crew. in merchant service he is a petty officer who performs somewhat like the foreman in an industrial plant, being the principal contact between the deck crew and the chief or first mate. the title is frequently but differently abbreviated—to bosun in the usn, bos’n in the rn, or bos’un in merchant service. boatswain’s call or pipe: this high-pitched metal whistle is unique to sea services, where it is used to convey orders and honor visitors. for centuries it was the sailing ship’s pa system, emitting shrill penetrating notes that could be heard by topmen high in the rigging and seamen down in the deep, dark orlop. the current instrument has been used in english ships since at least 1248, when it was used to call crossbowmen to action stations, but it has much earlier origins. in the classical era, greek and roman galleys cadenced the stroke of their oars by drum and flute or whistle. because it has always served to pass orders, it has often been worn as an honorable symbol of authority. from 1485 to 1562 the “whistle of honour” was a golden version suspended from a golden chain and worn as a badge of office by the lord high admiral of england. silver versions known as “whistles of command” were used throughout english fleets for the transmission of orders by shipmasters, boatswains and coxswains. today, wearing one is restricted to quartermasters and boatswain’s mates. all its parts have nautical names; the mouth is the “gun”; the ball is the “buoy”; the leaf is its “keel”; and the suspending ring is the “shackle.” in the usn the instrument is known as the boatswain’s “pipe,” and the message or order it conveys is a “call.” in the rn the terms are reversed, with the instrument called boatswain’s “call,” while “sounding” (playing) it is known as “piping,” and the message is a “pipe.” neither service ever uses the term “whistle.” some calls/pipes have to be followed by an explanatory verbal command, but many are time-honored and understood as orders by themselves. this was a great advantage in 17th/18th century navies when many members of a ship’s company might be foreigners with little understanding of languages other than their own. when the pipe is not self-explanatory, the crew is called to attention and the verbal order is preceded by “d’ye hear there” in the british and “now hear this” in the u.s. navy. boatswain’s chair: a rope-suspended plank on which a person can be hoisted aloft, transferred across open water to another vessel, or swung over the side for work such as painting. boatswain’s locker: compartment where deck gear is stored. usually forward. boatswain’s mate: a petty officer who reports to and assists the boatswain. boatswain’s pipe: see boatswain’s call.
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Boatswain, àíãëèéñêèé
Also bosun, crew member who has immediate charge of all deck hands, oversees deck crew, maintenance and upkeep of the ship.
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Lieutenant, àíãëèéñêèé
[1] a deputy or substitute (latin locum tenens = in place of ). [2] a junior naval or military officer. [3] used in combination with another military title denotes an officer of the next lower rank (e.g., lieutenant-general). this is one of the oldest military titles, and in naval use can be traced back to the twelfth century when a sailing master had full command of the ship, while the captain was responsible for embarked soldiers, with a non-commissioned lieutenant as his military deputy. by about 1580 the captain had assumed command of the ship, with the master as a subordinate responsible for shiphandling and navigation. the lieutenant was expected to replace the captain in case of death or incapacitation, but was still non-commissioned, being appointed with no official rank. some 50 years later, naval lieutenants had evolved beyond their purely military role to become professional commissioned sea officers. in about 1677, shortly after his appointment as secretary of the admiralty, samuel pepys introduced formal examinations which had to be passed to qualify for a third lieutenant’s commission. thereafter advancement depended entirely on seniority. third and second lieutenants each had specific shipboard duties in addition to their prime responsibilities of standing watch and commanding a division of guns in battle (see separate entry for first lieutenant). in the days of rated warships, a first-rate normally carried seven to nine lieutenants (one first, one or two seconds, and five or six thirds). the complement diminished with the vessel’s rating (for example a third-rate had five lieutenants, while a sixth rate had only two). nowadays, a naval lieutenant is senior to lieutenant (jg) or sublieutenant, and junior to lieutenant commander. at its inception in 1775, the continental navy essentially adopted the then current royal navy rank structure, including that of lieutenant (see table 15). an army or marine lieutenant is senior to second lieutenant and junior to captain. pronunciation is loo-tenant in america. until world war ii all british commonwealth navies said let-enant, but the influx of temporary non-career officers overwhelmed that tradition and substituted the army’s lef-tenant, the former pronunciation being retained only by the canadian armed forces maritime command. lieutenant-at-arms: formerly, a warship’s most junior lieutenant, responsible for assisting the master- at-arms in training seamen to handle small arms.
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Bob, àíãëèéñêèé
- A term of endearment for two very close heterosexual men. the bob relationship must be monogamous, i.e., there must be only one bob in your life. both men must call each other bob often, especially in short phone conversations. example bob. bob. location, bob? on the way, there in five. later. soon, bob.
- Bolivian boliviano
- Bunker on board
- A knot of worms on a string, used in fishing for eels; also colloquially, it means a berth.—shift your bob, to move about, to dodge, to fish.—bear a bob, make haste, be brisk.
- The ball or balance-weight of a clock`s pendulum; the weight attached to the plumb-line.
- Boliviano
- The iso 4217 currency code for bolivian boliviano.
Boat, àíãëèéñêèé
- A vessel for transport by water, constructed to provide buoyancy by excluding water and shaped to give stability and permit propulsion
- 1. a small craft or vessel designed to float on, and provide transport over, or under, water.
- Ëîäî÷êà
- A small open vessel, conducted on the water by rowing or sailing. the construction, machinery, and even the names of boats, are very different, according to the various purposes for which they are calculated, and the services on which they are employed. thus we have the long-boat and the jolly-boat, life-boat and gun-boat, but they will appear under their respective appellations.—a bold boat, one that will endure a rough sea well.—man the boat, send the crew in to row and manage it.
- [1] small vessel for specialized use (e.g., fishing boat) or carried for use by a larger one (e.g., lifeboat). the u.s. coast guard defines a boat as being less than 300 tons, anything larger being a ship. [2] traditional term for tugs, submarines and coastal forces or amphibious craft regardless of size. [3] term used by landlubbers for any waterborne craft. boat ahoy!: traditional hail or challenge to an approaching boat.
- Êàññåòà (â ìèêðîýëåêòðîííîé òåõíîëîãèè)
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