|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptation
|
- Адаптация; самонастройка; самоприспосабливание
- Адаптация (приспособление организма к изменившимся условиям среды, питательным и токсичным веществам)
- 1. a change which has been or can be made to something 2. the act of changing something so that it fits a new situation 3. the process by which sensory receptors become accustomed to a sensation which is repeated add add abbr attention deficit disorder
- Адаптация
- N адаптация14 (тж. adaption, см. тж. adoption) theory
- Адаптация; приспособление
- 1) characteristics of organisms evolved as a consequence of natural selection; 2) changes in the form or behavior of an organism during life as a response to environmental stimuli; 3) changes in the excitability of a sense organ as a result of continuos stimulation.
- Stability of success in the face of a changing environment. two kinds of adaptation are distinguished. (a) darwinian adaptation after darwin who observed how organisms change their internal structure when their environment makes existing forms no longer viable. e.g., ashby`s homeostat searches for a new pattern of behavior as soon as disturbances in its surroundings drive or threaten to drive its essential variables outside specified limits. (b) singerian adaptation after singer who described how organisms, particularly man, change the nature of their environment so as to eliminate threats to or prevent the destruction of their own internal organization. e.g., agriculture, architecture and technology adapt the physical environment to human-social needs. the difference between "adaptive" and "adapting" behavior (steg) also reflects this distinction. adaptation can occur in several levels of an organiz~tional hierarchy and may even apply to itself as in "amplifying adaptation" (ashby) which is "adaptation to adapt" and has the properties of self-organization.
- Initiatives and measures to reduce the vulnerability or increase the resilience of natural and human systems to actual or expected climate change impacts. various types of adaptation exist, for example, anticipatory and reactive, private and public, and autonomous and planned. examples are raising river or coastal dikes, retreating from coastal areas subject to fl ooding from sea level rise or introducing alternative temperature-appropriate or drought-adapted crops for conventional ones.
|
Adaption, немецкий
Adaptación, испанский
Adapt, английский
- Adaptability
- Adaptable
- Adaptation
- Adaptor
- To make suitable for a particular purpose or new requirements or conditions, by means of modifications or changes.
Адаптация, русский
- Приспособляемость пород и сортов к почвенно-климатическим условиям.
- (от лат. adaptatio - приспособление) - приспособление экономической системы и ее отдельных субъектов, работников, к изменяющимся условиям внешней среды, производства, труда, обмена, жизни. например, при переходе от централизованной экономики к рыночной не
- 1. приспособление строения и функций организма, его органов и клеток к условиям среды, направленное на сохранение гомеостаза. одно из центральных понятий биологии; широко применяется в теоретических концепциях, трактующих взаимоотношения индивида и окруже
- (лат. приспособление) — приспособление организма, органов чувств к окружающим условиям, напр. а. глаза (сетчатки).
- Согласование возможностей личности или социальной группы с реальностью социальной среды, с социально-экономическими, политическими, нравственными, психологическими условиями жизни.
- (от лат. adaptatio - приспособление) - в праве приспособление действующих внутригосударственных правовых норм к новым международным обязательствам государства без внесения каких-либо изменений в его законодательство.
- (от средневекового лат . adaptatio - приспособление), в биологии - совокупность морфофизиологических, поведенческих, популяционных и др. особенностей биологического вида, обеспечивающая возможность специфического образа жизни особей в определенных условия
- 1. приспособление строения и функций организма, его органов и клеток к условиям среды, направленное на сохранение гомеостаза. одно из центральных понятий биологии; широко применяется в теоретических концепциях, трактующих взаимоотношения индивида и окружения как процессы гомеостатического уравновешения – например, гештальт-психология, теория развития интеллектуального ж. пиаже. изучение физиологических регуляторных механизмов адаптации имеет большое значение для решения прикладных проблем психофизиологии, психологии медицинской, эргономики и прочих психологических дисциплин (=> синдром адаптационный).
- (от лат. adaptare приспособлять) – приспособление (см. также коадаптация).
- Приспособление организма к изменившимся условиям среды, питательным и токсичным веществам
- Наследственная способность фенотипа, несущая такие преимущества, как выживаемость и способность к воспроизведению. способность организма приспосабливаться к условиям окружающей среды. активность, потенция (potency) — активность лекарственного средства, токсина или опасного воздействия; отношение дозы стандартного средства (воздействия), необходимой для получения определенной реакции, к дозе тестируемого средства, которая вызывает такую же реакцию.
- Временное изменение органолептической чувствительности, вызванное непрерывным или повторяющимся воздействием стимула.
- Приспособление действующих внутригосударственных правовых норм к новым международным обязательствам государства без внесения каких-либо изменений в его законодательство.
- Приспособление организма животного к условиям окружающей среды (климату, условиям содержания и др.).
- Приспособление живых организмов, в том числе растений, к местным условиям среды.
- Приспособление организма к определенным условиям среды, в частности, к изменениям абиотических факторов.
- Способность изменения целей и параметров функционирования при изменении условий функционирования
- Приспособление живого организма к постоянно изменяющимся условиям существования во внешней среде, выработанное в процессе эволюционного развития.
- Приспособление психической деятельности человека к условиям окружающей среды.
- Приспособительная реакция к изменениям в среде обитания, проявляющаяся изменением признаков или свойств микроорганизмов.
- Приспособление.
Приспособление, русский
- Приспособление , инструмент, орудие
- - технологическое устройство, присоединяемое к машине или используемое самостоятельно для базирования и закрепления заготовки при выполнении технологических операций.
- Есть два принципиально различных способов приспособления организмов к изменениям условий среды:
- Техническое устройство, присоединяемое к машине или применяемое самостоятельно для базирования и закрепления предметов производства при выполнении технологических операций
- Техническое устройство, дополняющее основное оборудование, в целях улучшения процессов, осуществляемых на данном оборудовании, повышения их качества или эффективности.
|
Characteristics, английский
- The distinguishing qualities of a navigation aid or buoy, including shape and color, whether fixed or flashing, and flashing sequence.
- A high-performance fiber with high chemical resistance that does not burn in air. it has no melting point and does not drip when exposed to flame. the fiber and fabrics from pbi retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat. the fiber emits little smoke in extreme conditions. it processes well on conventional textile equipment, having processing characteristics similar to polyester. it can be used in 100% form or blended with other fibers. it has a high moisture regain and low modulus with comfort properties similar to cotton. the natural color of pbi is a gold-khaki shade, but it can be dyed to almost any medium to dark shade with conventional basic dyes.
- Acetate fabrics are in appearance fast-drying, wrinkle and shrinkage resistant, crisp or soft in hand depending upon the end use.
- Although modacrylics are similar to acrylics in properties and application, certain important differences exist. modacrylics have superior resistance to chemicals and combustion, but they are more heat sensitive (lower safe ironing temperature) and have a higher specific gravity (less cover).
- Although the properties of the nylons described above vary in some respects, they all exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, toughness, elasticity, abrasion resistance, washability, ease of drying, and resistance to attack by insects and microorganisms.
- Because acrylic fibers are thermoplastic, fabrics may be heat-set for wrinkle resistance and to provide permanency to pleats. acrylic fabrics have low moisture absorbency and dry relatively quickly. in general, acrylic fibers are resistant to the degrading effects of ultraviolet rays in sunlight and to a wide range of chemicals and fumes. they provide warmth in fabrics that are lightweight, soft, and resilient. acrylic fibers have relatively poor flame resistance compared with other fibers. some acrylic fabrics, particularly knit types, approximate the hand of fine wool. because of the composition and cross section of the fiber, fabrics made therefrom have a high bulk to weight ratio. this is further enhanced with the so-called “high bulk” spun yarns.
- Glass fiber is incombustible and will tolerate heat up to 1000°f without material damage. potential strength is not realized in woven fabrics or even in yarns, because the fiber is brittle and fracture points may develop, but nevertheless, very high tensile strength is obtained in woven fabrics, and is retained at elevated temperatures. the fiber originally was difficult to color but methods have been developed to accomplish this. moisture absorption is low. electrical and insulation resistance is high.
- Polychlal fibers have a soft, lamb’s wool-like hand and moderate moisture regain. the fibers are also characterized by high flame resistance and high abrasion resistance.
- Polyester fibers have high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. fabrics are quick drying and tend to have wrinkle resistance and crease retention, wet and dry. polyester is used alone and in blends. it has been one of the first fibers to be developed in fabrics with durable-press features.
- Polyethylene fibers have a low specific gravity, extremely low moisture regain, the same tensile strength wet and dry, and are resistant to attack by mildew and insects. these qualities have made polyethylene fiber suitable for industrial applications, geotextiles, outdoor furniture, and similar applications. polyethylene fiber does not dye, and in most cases, it is colored by the addition of pigments and dyes to the material prior to spinning. it has a low melting point, a property that has restricted its use in apparel.
- Polypropylene fibers have a number of advantages over polyethylene fibers in the field of textile applications. the degree of crystallinity, 72 to 75%, results in a fiber that is strong and resilient, and does not fibrillate like high-density polyethylene. polypropylene has a high work of rupture, which indicates a tough fiber, and may be made with tenacities as high as 8.0 to 8.5 grams per denier. the melting point of polypropylene is 165°c, which is low by comparison with nylon or polyester, but is high enough to make it suitable for most textile applications. so light that it actually floats, polypropylene fiber provides greater coverage per pound than any other fiber. it is highly resistant to mechanical abuse and chemical attack.
- Rayon yarns are made in a wide range of types in regard to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they may be white or solution dyed. strength is regulated by the process itself and the structure of the yarn. (also see polynosic fiber.) luster is reduced by including delustering materials, such as titanium dioxide pigments, in the fiber when it is extruded. the suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the number of filaments in the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and the fiber cross-section.
- Spandex is lighter in weight, more durable, and more supple than conventional elastic threads and has between two and three times their restraining power. spandex is extruded in a multiplicity of fine filaments which immediately form a monofilament. it can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. it does not suffer deterioration from oxidation as is the case with fine sizes of rubber thread, and it is not damaged by body oils, perspiration, lotions, or detergents.
Consequence, английский
- The outcome of an event expressed qualitatively or quantitatively, being a loss, injury, disadvantage or gain. there may be a range of possible outcomes associated with an event.
- Следствие
- The outcome of an event in terms of damage to the health of people, to property or to the environment.
Environmental, английский
Окружающий, внешний (о среде, воздействии); связанный с окружающими условиями [средой]
Stimulation, английский
The action of stimulating something
Environment, английский
- Surrounding in which operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interaction.
- Окружающая среда. совокупность всех материальных тел, сил и явлений природы, ее вещество и пространство, любая деятельность человека, находящегося в непосредственном контакте с живыми организмами; совокупность абиотической, биотической и социальной сред,
- Окружающие условия [среда]; внешние факторы или воздействия; условия эксплуатации ` (лл)
- The conditions and influences under which an organism lives
- N 1 лнгв. окружение; 2 псхл. окружающая обстановка5 consonantal ~ консонантное окружение epanalepsis n эпаналепсис, удвоение6 epenthesis n 1 эпентеза, вставка звуков1; 2 добавление гласного звука для того, чтобы 3 английский как язык международного общения. 4 несовпадение стиховых и фразовых границ. 5 внешний контекст, в котором происходит наше поведение. 6 фигура речи, состоящая в повторе слова, словосочетания или пред- ложения. epenthetic 41 evaluation разбить труднопроизносимую группу (кла- стер) согласных
- Окружающая среда
- Окружающая среда; при- родно-ландшафтная среда
- The place in which an organism lives, and the circumstances under which it lives. environment includes measures like moisture and temperature, as much as it refers to the actual physical place where an organism is found.
- The combination of all the external conditions and the potential effect of the inner environment (heteromosaic of abiotic conditions). e. change: survival depends on the life span of the organisms involved, and has to adapt to a new situation via genetic change, evolution, etc. • cyclic change: rhythmically repetitive, like cycles of a season, day / night, movement of tides etc. • directional change: change is maintained over a long period in relation to the life span of organisms - erosion, siltation, cycles of glaciation, etc. • erratic change: these have no rhythm and no consistent direction e.g., hurricanes, cyclones, flash storms, fires, vulcanos, earthquake, etc.
- Окружающая среда. существующая в данный момент совокупность всех внешних условий и воздействий, которым подвержена данная система (или организм) (мос, 14). `36
- (1) the system of surrounding things, conditions or influences, especially affecting the existence or development of someone, something or another system (->habitat), (2) the art of environing, (3) the state of being environed.
- A global context in which to access data.
- A set of roles that are required to run a specific application and the machines to be used for each role.
- One of two deployment destinations within a microsoft azure cloud service: staging or production.
- The totality of surrounding conditions and circumstances affecting growth or development. often the term is applied to the natural features of a geographic area: water, air, and land — including ecological relationships.
- The sum of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that surround an organism.
|
B-sprache, немецкий
Adaption, немецкий
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
