| additive effect | A biologic response to exposure to multiple substances that equals the sum of responses of all the individual substances added together [compare with antagonistic effect and synergistic effect]. |
| antagonistic effect | - A biologic response to exposure to multiple substances that is less than would be expected if the known effects of the individual substances were added together [compare with additive effect a...
антагонистский эффект; |
| synergistic effect | - A biologic response to multiple substances where one substance worsens the effect of another substance. the combined effect of the substances acting together is greater than the sum of the eff...
синэргетический эффект; |
| no public health hazard | A category used in atsdr`s public health assessment documents for sites where people have never and will never come into contact with harmful amounts of site-related substances. |
| public health hazard | A category used in atsdr`s public health assessments for sites that pose a public health hazard because of long-term exposures (greater than 1 year) to sufficiently high levels of hazardous substa... peligro para la salud pública; |
| no apparent public health hazard | A category used in atsdr`s public health assessments for sites where human exposure to contaminated media might be occurring, might have occurred in the past, or might occur in the future, but whe... |
| urgent public health hazard | A category used in atsdr`s public health assessments for sites where short-term exposures (less than 1 year) to hazardous substances or conditions could result in harmful health effects that requi... |
| adverse health effect | A change in body function or cell structure that might lead to disease or health problems |
| potentially responsible party (prp) | A company, government, or person legally responsible for cleaning up the pollution at a hazardous waste site under superfund. there may be more than one prp for a particular site. |
| physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (pbpk model) | A computer model that describes what happens to a chemical in the body. this model describes how the chemical gets into the body, where it goes in the body, how it is changed by the body, and how ... |
| delayed health effect | A disease or an injury that happens as a result of exposures that might have occurred in the past. |
| community assistance panel (cap) | A group of people from a community and from health and environmental agencies who work with atsdr to resolve issues and problems related to hazardous substances in the community. cap members work ... |
| public health action | A list of steps to protect public health. |
| geographic information system (gis) | A mapping system that uses computers to collect, store, manipulate, analyze, and display data. for example, gis can show the concentration of a contaminant within a community in relation to points... географическая информационная система, гис; |
| case study | - A medical or epidemiologic evaluation of one person or a small group of people to gather information about specific health conditions and past exposures.
- Изучение отдельного случая,...
estudio de caso; |
| exposure-dose reconstruction | A method of estimating the amount of people`s past exposure to hazardous substances. computer and approximation methods are used when past information is limited, not available, or missing. |
| substance-specific applied research | A program of research designed to fill important data needs for specific hazardous substances identified in atsdr`s toxicological profiles. filling these data needs would allow more accurate asses... |
| public meeting | A public forum with community members for communication about a site. |
| cluster investigation | A review of an unusual number, real or perceived, of health events (for example, reports of cancer) grouped together in time and location. cluster investigations are designed to confirm case repor... investigación de sectores; |
| health consultation | A review of available information or collection of new data to respond to a specific health question or request for information about a potential environmental hazard. health consultations are foc... |
| medical monitoring | A set of medical tests and physical exams specifically designed to evaluate whether an individual`s exposure could negatively affect that person`s health. observación médica, monitoreo médico; |
| public health advisory | A statement made by atsdr to epa or a state regulatory agency that a release of hazardous substances poses an immediate threat to human health. the advisory includes recommended measures to reduce... |
| case-control study | - A study that compares exposures of people who have a disease or condition (cases) with people who do not have the disease or condition (controls). exposures that are more common among the case...
исследование случай-контроль; |
| analytic epidemiologic study | A study that evaluates the association between exposure to hazardous substances and disease by testing scientific hypotheses. |
| biologic indicators of exposure study | A study that uses (a) biomedical testing or (b) the measurement of a substance [an analyte], its metabolite, or another marker of exposure in human body fluids or tissues to confirm human exposure... |
| teratogen | - A substance that causes defects in development between conception and birth. a teratogen is a substance that causes a structural or functional birth defect.
- A substance which causes...
тератоген вещество, при воздействии которого на организм во время беременности возникают пороки развития иили отклонения в постнатальном развитии у потомства; global emission; |
| mutagen | - A substance that causes mutations (genetic damage).
- Type of chemical agent or radiation that can induce mutations
мутаген; |
| exposure registry | A system of ongoing followup of people who have had documented environmental exposures. |
| disease registry | A system of ongoing registration of all cases of a particular disease or health condition in a defined population. registro de enfermedades; регистр; |
| registry | - A systematic collection of information on persons exposed to a specific substance or having specific diseases [see exposure registry and disease registry].
- The nationality and port ...
registro; регистр; заграничного плавания; |
| cancer risk | A theoretical risk for getting cancer if exposed to a substance every day for 70 years (a lifetime exposure). the true risk might be lower. |
| cas registry number | A unique number assigned to a substance or mixture by the american chemical society abstracts service [external link]. |
| plume | - A volume of a substance that moves from its source to places farther away from the source. plumes can be described by the volume of air or water they occupy and the direction they move. for ex...
шлейф загрязняющих веществ; шлейф; |
| public health assessment (pha) | An atsdr document that examines hazardous substances, health outcomes, and community concerns at a hazardous waste site to determine whether people could be harmed from coming into contact with th... |
| toxicological profile | An atsdr document that examines, summarizes, and interprets information about a hazardous substance to determine harmful levels of exposure and associated health effects. a toxicological profile a... токсикологический профиль см. toxicological data sheet; sludge-enriched field; |
| minimal risk level (mrl) | An atsdr estimate of daily human exposure to a hazardous substance at or below which that substance is unlikely to pose a measurable risk of harmful (adverse), noncancerous effects. mrls are calcu... nivel mínimo de riesgo; |
| background level | - An average or expected amount of a substance or radioactive material in a specific environment, or typical amounts of substances that occur naturally in an environment.
- Фоновый уров...
фоновый уровень; |
| reference dose (rfd) | An epa estimate, with uncertainty or safety factors built in, of the daily lifetime dose of a substance that is unlikely to cause harm in humans. |
| public availability session | An informal, drop-by meeting at which community members can meet one-on-one with atsdr staff members to discuss health and site-related concerns. |
| public comment period | An opportunity for the public to comment on agency findings or proposed activities contained in draft reports or documents. the public comment period is a limited time period during which comments... |
| radioisotope | - An unstable or radioactive isotope (form) of an element that can change into another element by giving off radiation.
- An isotope of a chemical element which is radioactive comment: ...
радиоизотоп; радиоизотопов; радиоактивный изотоп, радиоизотоп; радиоактивный изотоп; |
| metabolite | - Any product of metabolism.
- A substance produced by metabolism, or a substance taken into the body in food and then metabolised
- Метаболит. продукт, образующийся в организм...
метаболит; |
| comparison value (cv) | Calculated concentration of a substance in air, water, food, or soil that is unlikely to cause harmful (adverse) health effects in exposed people. the cv is used as a screening level during the pu... |
| comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act of 1980 (cercla) | Cercla, also known as superfund, is the federal law that concerns the removal or cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment and at hazardous waste sites. atsdr, which was created by cercla... |
| toxic agent | Chemical or physical (for example, radiation, heat, cold, microwaves) agents that, under certain circumstances of exposure, can cause harmful effects to living organisms. |
| dermal contact | Contact with (touching) the skin [see route of exposure]. |
| intermediate duration exposure | Contact with a substance that occurs for more than 14 days and less than a year [compare with acute exposure and chronic exposure]. |
| acute exposure | - Contact with a substance that occurs once or for only a short time (up to 14 days) [compare with intermediate duration exposure and chronic exposure].
- A single exposure to a toxic s...
острое воздействие; |
| environmental media and transport mechanism | Environmental media include water, air, soil, and biota (plants and animals). transport mechanisms move contaminants from the source to points where human exposure can occur. the environmental med... |
| national priorities list for uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (national priorities list or npl) | Epa`s list of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the united states. the npl is updated on a regular basis. |
| superfund amendments and reauthorization act (sara) | In 1986, sara amended the comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act of 1980 (cercla) and expanded the health-related responsibilities of atsdr. cercla and sara direct a... |
| in vitro | - In an artificial environment outside a living organism or body. for example, some toxicity testing is done on cell cultures or slices of tissue grown in the laboratory, rather than on a living...
in vitro; в пробирке; in vitro; |
| uncertainty factor | Mathematical adjustments for reasons of safety when knowledge is incomplete. for example, factors used in the calculation of doses that are not harmful (adverse) to people. these factors are appli... safety factor; |
| biologic monitoring | Measuring hazardous substances in biologic materials (such as blood, hair, urine, or breath) to determine whether exposure has occurred. a blood test for lead is an example of biologic monitoring.... |
| mg/m3 | Milligram per cubic meter; a measure of the concentration of a chemical in a known volume (a cubic meter) of air, soil, or water. |
| mg/kg | Milligram per kilogram. |
| mg/cm2 | Milligram per square centimeter (of a surface). |
| chronic | - Occurring over a long time [compare with acute].
- Crónico
crónico (a); хронический; |
| national toxicology program (ntp) | Part of the department of health and human services. ntp develops and carries out tests to predict whether a chemical will cause harm to humans. |
| receptor population | People who could come into contact with hazardous substances [see exposure pathway]. |
| special populations | People who might be more sensitive or susceptible to exposure to hazardous substances because of factors such as age, occupation, sex, or behaviors (for example, cigarette smoking). children, preg... |
| hazardous waste | - Potentially harmful substances that have been released or discarded into the environment.
- Опасные отходы отходы, обладающие опасными свойствами или содержащие возбудителей инфекцион...
|
| public health hazard categories | Public health hazard categories are statements about whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site in the past, present, or future. one or more hazard categories might be approp... |
| dermal | Referring to the skin. for example, dermal absorption means passing through the skin. dérmico; |
| aerobic | - Requiring oxygen [compare with anaerobic].
- Pertaining to the presence of free oxygen. aerobic organisms require oxygen for their life processes.
аэробный; |
| anaerobic | - Requiring the absence of oxygen [compare with aerobic].
- In adhesives, a bonding method that uses its own chemical reaction to complete the adhesion
- Pertaining to the abse...
анаэробный; (биол; |
| environmental media | Soil, water, air, biota (plants and animals), or any other parts of the environment that can contain contaminants. |
| biomedical testing | Testing of persons to find out whether a change in a body function might have occurred because of exposure to a hazardous substance. |
| dose (for chemicals that are not radioactive) | The amount of a substance to which a person is exposed over some time period. dose is a measurement of exposure. dose is often expressed as milligram (amount) per kilogram (a measure of body weigh... |
| health statistics review | The analysis of existing health information (i.e., from death certificates, birth defects registries, and cancer registries) to determine if there is excess disease in a specific population, geogr... |
| indeterminate public health hazard | The category used in atsdr`s public health assessment documents when a professional judgment about the level of health hazard cannot be made because information critical to such a decision is lack... |
| remedial investigation | The cercla process of determining the type and extent of hazardous material contamination at a site. |
| exposure investigation | The collection and analysis of site-specific information and biologic tests (when appropriate) to determine whether people have been exposed to hazardous substances. |
| health investigation | The collection and evaluation of information about the health of community residents. this information is used to describe or count the occurrence of a disease, symptom, or clinical measure and to... investigación de salud; |
| metabolism | - The conversion or breakdown of a substance from one form to another by a living organism.
- The chemical processes which are continually taking place in the human body and which are e...
metabolismo; метаболизм, обмен веществ; метаболизм; обмен веществ; |
| risk communication | The exchange of information to increase understanding of health risks. comunicación de riesgo; |
| public health statement | The first chapter of an atsdr toxicological profile. the public health statement is a summary written in words that are easy to understand. the public health statement explains how people might be... |
